---

name: turbopack description: >- Turbopack is the Rust-based incremental bundler built into Next.js, the default for next dev and next build since Next.js 16. Use when someone asks to configure Turbopack, migrate a webpack config or loaders to the turbopack option in next.config, fix a Turbopack build error, or switch back to webpack with --webpack. license: Apache-2.0 compatibility: 'Next.js 15+ (default bundler from Next.js 16); Node.js 18+' metadata: author: terminal-skills version: 1.1.0 category: development tags: - bundler - rust - nextjs - hmr - webpack-migration repository: https://github.com/vercel/next.js

Turbopack — Rust-Powered Bundler for Next.js

Overview

Turbopack is an incremental bundler written in Rust and shipped inside Next.js. It builds one unified graph for client and server code, caches work down to the function level, bundles lazily (only what the dev server is asked for) and persists its cache to disk. Fast Refresh, React Server Components, CSS Modules, PostCSS, Sass, Lightning CSS and tsconfig path aliases work without configuration.

Status by version: dev stable in Next.js 15.0, build beta in 15.5, and since Next.js 16.0 Turbopack is the default for both next dev and next build. Turbopack is not usable on its own outside Next.js; the configuration below lives in next.config. Checked against Next.js 16.3 docs.

Instructions

Use it (or opt out)

npx create-next-app@latest        # Turbopack is the default bundler
npm install next@latest           # upgrade an existing project
next dev --webpack                # opt back into webpack
next build --webpack

No flag is needed on Next.js 16. On older 15.x, use next dev --turbopack. Platforms without native bindings (FreeBSD, OpenBSD) fall back to WASM, which has no Turbopack, so use --webpack there.

Configure with the turbopack key

The option was experimental.turbo in Next.js 13 to 15.2 (still an alias). Since 15.3 it is the top-level turbopack; migrate with npx @next/codemod@latest next-experimental-turbo-to-turbopack ..

// next.config.ts
import path from "node:path";
import type { NextConfig } from "next";

const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
  turbopack: {
    root: path.join(__dirname, ".."),            // monorepo / linked packages
    rules: {
      "*.svg": { loaders: ["@svgr/webpack"], as: "*.js" },
    },
    resolveAlias: {
      underscore: "lodash",
      mocha: { browser: "mocha/browser-entry.js" },   // only the `browser` condition exists
    },
    resolveExtensions: [".tsx", ".ts", ".jsx", ".js", ".mjs", ".json"],
  },
};

export default nextConfig;

• rules run webpack loaders. Only loaders that return JavaScript work, options must be plain values (no require()d plugins), and rules are evaluated in order. Tested loaders include @svgr/webpack, raw-loader, yaml-loader, graphql-tag/loader, svg-inline-loader, string-replace-loader.
• Loader options use the object form: { loader: "@svgr/webpack", options: { icon: true } }.
• Restrict a rule with condition (browser, foreign, development, production, node, or { path, content, query, contentType } with all / any / not). Since 16.2 a rule can set type (asset, raw, css, ...) without a loader, and an import can opt in with with { turbopackLoader: "raw-loader", turbopackAs: "*.js" }.
• resolveExtensions replaces the default list, so include the defaults.
• debugIds: true (16.0+) adds debug IDs to bundles and source maps.

Migrate from webpack

1. Delete the webpack() function from next.config; Turbopack ignores it. Move loaders to turbopack.rules and aliases to turbopack.resolveAlias.
2. Webpack plugins are not supported. Find a loader or built-in replacement, or stay on --webpack.
3. Replace Sass ~ imports (@import '~bootstrap/...') with plain package paths, or alias '~*': '*'.
4. Babel: from Next.js 16 a Babel config file is picked up automatically (SWC still does Next's own transforms).

Examples

Example 1: Import SVGs as React components

Request: "My import Logo from './logo.svg' stopped working after upgrading to Next.js 16."

npm install --save-dev @svgr/webpack

Add the *.svg rule from the config above and restart next dev. Result: <Logo /> renders the inline SVG. If you also need .svg as a URL elsewhere, use a condition array so only certain imports use SVGR.

Example 2: Build fails on a webpack-only feature

Request: "next build errors because of sassOptions.functions."

Custom Sass functions cannot run under Turbopack (Rust cannot call your JavaScript). Either rewrite them as Sass or CSS variables, or pin the build to webpack:

{ "scripts": { "dev": "next dev", "build": "next build --webpack", "start": "next start" } }

Result: dev stays on Turbopack while the production build uses webpack until the feature is replaced.

Guidelines

• Turbopack does not type-check; run tsc --noEmit or rely on the editor.
• Not supported: webpack plugins, webpack() config, Yarn PnP, experimental.urlImports, experimental.esmExternals, sassOptions.functions, and CSS Modules @value / :import / :export.
• Output can differ subtly from webpack: Lightning CSS keeps 5 decimal digits (webpack 10), and CSS module order follows JS import order.
• Files outside the project root are not resolved; set turbopack.root for linked or monorepo packages.
• A filesystem cache is on by default for dev (experimental.turbopackFileSystemCacheForDev) and for builds; turn the build cache off if CI does not keep .next/cache.
• For slow or memory-heavy dev servers, run next dev --internal-trace and attach .next-profiles/trace-turbopack.bin to a Next.js issue.
• Do not quote speedups from old benchmarks; measure your own app.