---

name: conform description: >- Conform is a React form validation library that progressively enhances native HTML forms: it validates FormData against a Zod, Valibot or Yup schema on the server and, optionally, on the client, so a form works before JavaScript loads. Use when a user asks to build a form with Conform, validate a Next.js Server Action or a React Router / Remix action, share one schema between client and server, add or remove rows in a field list, or move to Conform's future API. license: Apache-2.0 compatibility: 'React 18+. Next.js Server Actions, React Router / Remix, or any server that receives FormData' metadata: author: terminal-skills version: 1.1.0 category: development tags: [conform, forms, remix, progressive-enhancement, server-validation] repository: https://github.com/edmundhung/conform

Conform

Overview

Conform is a progressive enhancement form library. The form posts plain FormData; the server parses and validates it against a schema and sends the result back; once JavaScript loads, the same schema can validate in the browser. It does not own your markup — any valid HTML form works, and field names, ids and ARIA attributes are derived for you.

Version 1.21 (August 2026) ships two APIs in the same packages. The stable API (@conform-to/react, @conform-to/zod) is what the guides on conform.guide describe and is covered first below. The future API (@conform-to/react/future) is the preview of v2: the official examples already use it, but it is marked experimental and may change in a minor release.

Instructions

Install

npm install @conform-to/react @conform-to/zod zod
npm install @conform-to/react @conform-to/valibot valibot   # Valibot instead of Zod
npm install @conform-to/react @conform-to/yup yup           # Yup instead of Zod

The Zod adapter has one entry point per Zod major. npm install zod now gives Zod 4, so import from the v4 subpath; the bare @conform-to/zod import is for Zod 3 and fails when Zod 4 is installed with a missing-export error (The requested module 'zod' does not provide an export named 'ZodBranded' in Node; bundlers word it differently).

import { parseWithZod } from '@conform-to/zod/v4'; // Zod 4
import { parseWithZod } from '@conform-to/zod';    // Zod 3

Schema and server action (Next.js)

Keep the schema in its own module: a 'use server' file may only export async functions, so a schema exported from the action file cannot be imported by the client form.

// app/contact/schema.ts — shared by the server action and the client form
import { z } from 'zod';

export const inquirySchema = z.object({
  name: z.string({ error: 'Name is required' }).min(2),
  email: z.email('Enter a valid email address'),
  seats: z.number().int().min(1).max(20),
  newsletter: z.boolean().default(false),
  message: z.string({ error: 'Message is required' }).min(10).max(1000),
});

// app/contact/actions.ts
'use server';
import { parseWithZod } from '@conform-to/zod/v4';
import { saveInquiry, seatsLeft } from '@/lib/inquiries';
import { inquirySchema } from './schema';

export async function submitInquiry(prevState: unknown, formData: FormData) {
  const submission = parseWithZod(formData, { schema: inquirySchema });

  if (submission.status !== 'success') {
    return submission.reply(); // field errors + submitted values go back to the form
  }
  if (submission.value.seats > (await seatsLeft())) {
    return submission.reply({ fieldErrors: { seats: ['Not enough seats left'] } });
  }

  await saveInquiry(submission.value); // typed: seats is a number, newsletter a boolean
  return submission.reply({ resetForm: true });
}

parseWithZod coerces form strings before validating: an empty string becomes undefined, z.number() and z.bigint() fields are cast, z.boolean() is true when the value is on, z.date() goes through new Date(). Pass disableAutoCoercion: true to do this yourself. reply() also accepts formErrors (errors for the whole form) and hideFields: ['password'] (do not echo a value back to the browser).

Client form

// app/contact/form.tsx
'use client';
import { useActionState } from 'react';
import { getFormProps, getInputProps, getTextareaProps, useForm } from '@conform-to/react';
import { getZodConstraint, parseWithZod } from '@conform-to/zod/v4';
import { submitInquiry } from './actions';
import { inquirySchema } from './schema';

export function InquiryForm() {
  const [lastResult, action, pending] = useActionState(submitInquiry, undefined);
  const [form, fields] = useForm({
    id: 'inquiry', // prefix for generated ids; omit it to get a random one
    lastResult, // server result: errors and values survive a no-JS round trip
    constraint: getZodConstraint(inquirySchema), // required/min/max attributes (Zod 4.6+: see Guidelines)
    shouldValidate: 'onBlur',
    shouldRevalidate: 'onInput',
    onValidate({ formData }) {
      return parseWithZod(formData, { schema: inquirySchema });
    },
  });

  return (
    <form {...getFormProps(form)} action={action}>
      <div id={form.errorId}>{form.errors}</div>

      <label htmlFor={fields.name.id}>Name</label>
      <input {...getInputProps(fields.name, { type: 'text' })} />
      <div id={fields.name.errorId}>{fields.name.errors}</div>

      <label htmlFor={fields.email.id}>Email</label>
      <input {...getInputProps(fields.email, { type: 'email' })} />
      <div id={fields.email.errorId}>{fields.email.errors}</div>

      <label htmlFor={fields.seats.id}>Seats</label>
      <input {...getInputProps(fields.seats, { type: 'number' })} />
      <div id={fields.seats.errorId}>{fields.seats.errors}</div>

      <label htmlFor={fields.newsletter.id}>Send me the newsletter</label>
      <input {...getInputProps(fields.newsletter, { type: 'checkbox' })} />

      <label htmlFor={fields.message.id}>Message</label>
      <textarea {...getTextareaProps(fields.message)} />
      <div id={fields.message.errorId}>{fields.message.errors}</div>

      <button disabled={pending}>Send</button>
    </form>
  );
}

• useForm returns a tuple, [form, fields]. Every option is optional: leave out onValidate and validation runs only on the server, including on blur and on input, which keeps the schema out of the client bundle at the cost of a request per check.
• shouldValidate takes 'onSubmit' (default), 'onBlur' or 'onInput'; shouldRevalidate takes the same values and defaults to whatever shouldValidate is.
• getFormProps, getInputProps (the type option is required), getTextareaProps, getSelectProps, getFieldsetProps and getCollectionProps set id, name, form, key, default value, constraint and ARIA attributes. They are optional — the same values are on the metadata (fields.email.name, .initialValue, .errors, .errorId, .valid).
• With React 18 or Next.js 14, use useFormState from react-dom instead of useActionState.
• React Router and Remix: read the action's return value with useActionData() and pass it as lastResult, render <Form method="post" {...getFormProps(form)}>, and call parseWithZod(await request.formData(), { schema }) in the action. If the action resets a form whose defaults come from a loader, pass lastResult: navigation.state === 'idle' ? lastResult : null so the reset waits for revalidation.

Nested objects, lists and intents

Field names follow address.city and lines[0].amount. Call fields.address.getFieldset() for an object and fields.lines.getFieldList() for an array instead of writing names by hand. Lists change through intent buttons — ordinary submit buttons carrying a reserved name, so they work without JavaScript: form.insert, form.remove, form.reorder, form.update, form.reset and form.validate, each with .getButtonProps({ name, ... }) or callable directly, e.g. form.validate({ name: fields.email.name }). See Example 2.

Files: set method="POST" and encType="multipart/form-data" on the form and validate with z.instanceof(File). For a multi-file input or a checkbox group, errors attach to each index (files[0]), so render Object.values(fields.files.allErrors).flat().

Custom inputs (a select or date picker from a UI library that renders no native input): const control = useInputControl(fields.color) gives control.value, control.change(value), control.focus() and control.blur() to wire into the component.

The future API (v2 preview)

// app/signup/schema.ts
import { coerceFormValue } from '@conform-to/zod/v4/future';
import { z } from 'zod';

// coerceFormValue strips empty strings and casts numbers, booleans and dates
export const signupSchema = coerceFormValue(
  z.object({ email: z.email(), age: z.number().min(18), terms: z.boolean() }),
);

// app/signup/actions.ts
'use server';
import { parseSubmission, report } from '@conform-to/react/future';
import { isEmailTaken } from '@/lib/accounts';
import { signupSchema } from './schema';

export async function register(prevState: unknown, formData: FormData) {
  const submission = parseSubmission(formData);
  const result = signupSchema.safeParse(submission.payload);

  if (!result.success) {
    return report(submission, { error: { issues: result.error.issues } });
  }
  if (await isEmailTaken(result.data.email)) {
    return report(submission, { error: { fieldErrors: { email: ['Email is already registered'] } } });
  }
  return report(submission, { reset: true });
}

// in the client component
import { useForm } from '@conform-to/react/future';

const [lastResult, action] = useActionState(register, null);
const { form, fields, intent } = useForm(signupSchema, { lastResult, shouldValidate: 'onBlur' });
// <form {...form.props} action={action}>
//   <input name={fields.email.name} defaultValue={fields.email.defaultValue}
//     aria-invalid={!fields.email.valid || undefined} aria-describedby={fields.email.ariaDescribedBy} />

What differs from the stable API: useForm takes any Standard Schema as its first argument and returns an object, not a tuple; form.props replaces getFormProps; fields expose defaultValue instead of initialValue; parseSubmission + report replace parseWithZod + reply; list changes are method calls (intent.insert({ name }), intent.remove({ name, index })); constraints come from getConstraints(schema). Do not mix the two in one form — a lastResult produced by report() is not the shape the stable useForm expects, and the reverse.

Examples

Example 1: Contact form that validates on the server and in the browser

User request: "Add a contact form to our Next.js app with Conform. It has to work with JavaScript disabled."

Create the three files from Instructions (schema.ts, actions.ts, form.tsx) and render <InquiryForm /> on the page. Submitting email=maya@northwind, seats=4, newsletter=on with the other fields empty makes the action return:

{
  "status": "error",
  "initialValue": { "email": "maya@northwind", "newsletter": "on", "seats": "4" },
  "error": { "name": ["Name is required"], "email": ["Enter a valid email address"],
             "message": ["Message is required"] },
  "fields": ["name", "email", "seats", "newsletter", "message"]
}

The page re-renders with the values kept and the errors wired to the inputs, whether or not JavaScript ran:

<input required id="inquiry-email" form="inquiry" aria-invalid="true"
  aria-describedby="inquiry-email-error" type="email" name="email" value="maya@northwind"/>
<div id="inquiry-email-error">Enter a valid email address</div>

A valid submission reaches saveInquiry as { name: 'Maya Okafor', email: 'maya@northwind.io', seats: 4, newsletter: true, message: '…' } — already typed and coerced.

Example 2: Invoice form with rows the user can add and remove

User request: "Build an invoice form with Conform where I can add and remove line items."

'use client';
import { getFormProps, getInputProps, useForm } from '@conform-to/react';
import { parseWithZod } from '@conform-to/zod/v4';
import { z } from 'zod';

const invoiceSchema = z.object({
  customer: z.string().min(1),
  lines: z
    .array(z.object({ description: z.string().min(1), amount: z.number().positive() }))
    .min(1, 'Add at least one line'),
});

export function InvoiceForm() {
  const [form, fields] = useForm({
    defaultValue: { customer: 'Halvorsen Marine AS', lines: [{ description: '', amount: '' }] },
    shouldValidate: 'onBlur',
    onValidate({ formData }) {
      return parseWithZod(formData, { schema: invoiceSchema });
    },
  });
  const lines = fields.lines.getFieldList();

  return (
    <form {...getFormProps(form)} method="post">
      <input {...getInputProps(fields.customer, { type: 'text' })} />
      {lines.map((line, index) => {
        const { description, amount } = line.getFieldset();
        return (
          <fieldset key={line.key}>
            <input {...getInputProps(description, { type: 'text' })} />
            <input {...getInputProps(amount, { type: 'number' })} step="0.01" />
            <div>{amount.errors}</div>
            <button {...form.remove.getButtonProps({ name: fields.lines.name, index })}>Remove</button>
          </fieldset>
        );
      })}
      <div>{fields.lines.errors}</div>
      <button {...form.insert.getButtonProps({ name: fields.lines.name })}>Add line</button>
      <button>Save invoice</button>
    </form>
  );
}

The browser posts lines[0].description=Hull inspection, lines[0].amount=1450.00, lines[1].description=Antifouling paint, lines[1].amount=389.50. On the server, parseWithZod(formData, { schema: invoiceSchema }).value is:

{ "customer": "Halvorsen Marine AS",
  "lines": [{ "description": "Hull inspection", "amount": 1450 },
            { "description": "Antifouling paint", "amount": 389.5 }] }

An amount of -5 in the second row comes back as { "lines[1].amount": ["Too small: expected number to be >0"] }; removing every row gives { "lines": ["Add at least one line"] }.

Guidelines

• The server is the validator of record. Client validation in onValidate is a convenience; always parse the FormData again in the action.
• Conform renders noValidate on the form by default, even before hydration, so the browser's own required/minLength bubbles never show. Pass defaultNoValidate: false to useForm if you want native validation until JavaScript takes over. The constraint attributes still help screen readers either way.
• Constraints and Zod 4.6: with Conform 1.21.1, getZodConstraint and getConstraints return only required when Zod 4.6 or later is installed; minLength, maxLength, min, max and pattern are derived correctly up to Zod 4.5 (issue 1340 in the repository, open in September 2026). Validation is unaffected — only the HTML attributes are missing. Log the constraint object once after a Zod upgrade.
• Client validation is synchronous. For a check that needs the server (unique email), make the schema a function, add an issue with conformZodMessage.VALIDATION_UNDEFINED on the client so Conform falls back to the server, and call parseWithZod(formData, { schema, async: true }) in the action.
• form.reset and form.update re-mount inputs through key. Inputs set up by hand need key={fields.title.key}; the get*Props helpers add it.
• Never echo secrets: submission.reply({ hideFields: ['password'] }), or report(submission, { hideFields: [...] }) in the future API.
• Limit request size before parsing on the server (Next.js serverActions.bodySizeLimit, a multipart parser with file and part limits) — Conform parses whatever FormData it is given.
• The future API is experimental: its release notes list breaking changes in minor versions (1.20 renamed and reshaped options, 1.21 removed deprecated ones). Pin the exact version if you use it.
• When not to use Conform: a client-only form with no server round trip and heavy per-keystroke state (a spreadsheet-like editor) is simpler with a controlled-state library such as React Hook Form.