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solve-trigonometric-problem【数据与研究】Solve trigonometric equations and triangle problems systematically using identities, law of sines/cosines, inverse functions, and unit circle analysis. Covers equation solving, triangle resolution, identity verification, and applied trigonometric modeling. Use when solving trigonometric equations for unknown angles, resolving triangles from partial i…
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系解三角方、三角形問、恆等驗——分問類、擇策、施恆等與律、驗解於域與範。
定問入何類、各類異策。
三角方:解含三角函未知角
三角形解:由部分資、求餘邊角
恆等驗:證三角方於域諸值皆立
施問:自實場取三角模
文分類:
Problem: Solve 2*sin^2(x) - sin(x) - 1 = 0 for x in [0, 2*pi).
Classification: Trigonometric equation, quadratic in sin(x).
得:明分含子類、直定步二之策。
敗:問不入單類→或為合問。分為子問、各分、序解。如「予兩邊與夾角求三角形面積」合 SAS 解與面積式。
依步一分擇宜法。
三角方:
| Equation Type | Strategy |
|---|---|
| Linear in sin(x) or cos(x) | Isolate the trig function, apply inverse |
| Quadratic in sin(x) or cos(x) | Substitute u = sin(x), solve quadratic, back-substitute |
| Multiple angle (sin(2x), cos(3x)) | Solve for the inner argument, then divide |
| Mixed functions (sin and cos) | Convert to single function using identities |
| Factorable | Factor and solve each factor = 0 |
三角形解:
| Given Data | Primary Tool |
|---|---|
| SSS | Law of cosines (find largest angle first) |
| SAS | Law of cosines (find opposite side), then law of sines |
| ASA | Angle sum = pi, then law of sines |
| AAS | Angle sum = pi, then law of sines |
| SSA | Law of sines (check ambiguous case: 0, 1, or 2 solutions) |
恆等驗:
施問:
文擇策:
Strategy: Substitute u = sin(x), solve 2u^2 - u - 1 = 0,
back-substitute, and find x in [0, 2*pi).
得:具名策配問類、要式或恆等已識。
敗:無單策→試合法。混 sin cos→試(甲)Pythag 代、(乙)半角 tan 代 t = tan(x/2)、(丙)輔角 asin(x) + bcos(x) = R*sin(x + phi)。恆等卡→自兩邊向中合。
逐步行所擇策。
主恆等族:
Pythag:sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1、1 + tan^2(x) = sec^2(x)、1 + cot^2(x) = csc^2(x)
倍角:sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x)、cos(2x) = cos^2(x) - sin^2(x) = 2cos^2(x) - 1 = 1 - 2sin^2(x)
和差:sin(A +/- B) = sin(A)*cos(B) +/- cos(A)*sin(B)、cos(A +/- B) = cos(A)*cos(B) -/+ sin(A)*sin(B)
正弦律:a/sin(A) = b/sin(B) = c/sin(C) = 2R
餘弦律:c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab*cos(C)
半角:sin(x/2) = +/-sqrt((1 - cos(x))/2)、cos(x/2) = +/-sqrt((1 + cos(x))/2)
明示各代步:
2*sin^2(x) - sin(x) - 1 = 0
Let u = sin(x):
2u^2 - u - 1 = 0
(2u + 1)(u - 1) = 0
u = -1/2 or u = 1
Back-substitute:
sin(x) = -1/2 or sin(x) = 1
三角形解計中值留足精:
Given: a = 7, b = 10, C = 38 degrees (SAS)
Law of cosines: c^2 = 49 + 100 - 2(7)(10)*cos(38)
c^2 = 149 - 140*cos(38) = 149 - 110.312 = 38.688
c = 6.220
Law of sines: sin(A)/7 = sin(38)/6.220
sin(A) = 7*sin(38)/6.220 = 0.6930
A = 43.78 degrees
B = 180 - 38 - 43.78 = 98.22 degrees
得:自原方或資至中果之全代鏈、各恆等施有名。
敗:施恆等致更繁→重慮策。常救:(甲)為繁恆等證試以 Euler 式轉指、(乙)兩邊乘共軛、(丙)以代減度。數計生異值→用獨計路驗。
取諸解、濾於問域。
sin(x) = -1/2 => reference angle = pi/6
sin(x) = 1 => reference angle = pi/2
sin(x) = -1/2:
x is in Q3 or Q4 (sin negative)
x = pi + pi/6 = 7*pi/6
x = 2*pi - pi/6 = 11*pi/6
sin(x) = 1:
x = pi/2
Domain: [0, 2*pi)
Solutions: x = pi/2, 7*pi/6, 11*pi/6
General solution:
x = pi/2 + 2*k*pi, k in Z
x = 7*pi/6 + 2*k*pi, k in Z
x = 11*pi/6 + 2*k*pi, k in Z
察範限:反函問驗出於主值範。三角形問驗諸角正、和為 pi(180)、諸邊正
理歧例(SSA):以正弦律於 SSA:
得:全明列解集合域與範諸限、若可理歧例。
敗:定段無解→驗方立否。解過多→察是否引異解(如兩邊方)。各候解代原方驗。
以代或獨計確各解。
Check x = 7*pi/6:
sin(7*pi/6) = -1/2
2*(-1/2)^2 - (-1/2) - 1 = 2*(1/4) + 1/2 - 1 = 1/2 + 1/2 - 1 = 0. VERIFIED.
Check x = 11*pi/6:
sin(11*pi/6) = -1/2
2*(1/4) + 1/2 - 1 = 0. VERIFIED.
Check x = pi/2:
sin(pi/2) = 1
2*(1) - 1 - 1 = 0. VERIFIED.
Verify triangle: a=7, b=10, c=6.220, A=43.78, B=98.22, C=38
Check law of sines: a/sin(A) = 7/sin(43.78) = 7/0.6913 = 10.126
b/sin(B) = 10/sin(98.22) = 10/0.9897 = 10.104
c/sin(C) = 6.220/sin(38) = 6.220/0.6157 = 10.102
Ratios approximately equal (within rounding). VERIFIED.
Check angle sum: 43.78 + 98.22 + 38 = 180. VERIFIED.
Verify identity: sin(2x) = 2*sin(x)*cos(x)
Let x = pi/3:
LHS: sin(2*pi/3) = sin(120) = sqrt(3)/2
RHS: 2*sin(pi/3)*cos(pi/3) = 2*(sqrt(3)/2)*(1/2) = sqrt(3)/2
LHS = RHS. VERIFIED.
Solution: x in {pi/2, 7*pi/6, 11*pi/6} for x in [0, 2*pi).
得:各解過代驗。三角形解滿正餘弦律。恆等證至少一數測確。
敗:解敗驗→異解。除之、覆察引步。常異解源:兩邊方(引號歧)、乘可零式、參角象限誤。
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