---

name: configure-reverse-proxy locale: wenyan source_locale: en source_commit: 82c77053 fence_basis_commit: 82c77053 translator: "Julius Brussee homage — caveman" translation_date: "2026-04-19" description: > Configure reverse proxy patterns across multiple tools including Nginx, Traefik, and ShinyProxy. Covers WebSocket proxying, path-based and host-based routing, SSL termination, and Docker label auto-discovery. Use when routing multiple services behind a single entry point, proxying WebSocket connections (Shiny, Socket.IO), auto-discovering Docker services with Traefik labels, or adding SSL termination to services that don't handle TLS natively. license: MIT allowed-tools: Read Write Edit Bash Grep Glob metadata: author: Philipp Thoss version: "1.0" domain: containerization complexity: intermediate language: multi tags: reverse-proxy, traefik, nginx, websocket, routing, shinyproxy, ssl

設反代

以 Nginx、Traefik、ShinyProxy 設路流於後服之反代式。

用時

• 路多服於單入
• 代 WebSocket 連（Shiny、Socket.IO、即載）
• 以 Traefik 標自發 Docker 服
• 徑或主之路於異後
• 加 SSL 終於不治 TLS 之服

入

• 必：代之後服（host:port）
• 必：路之策（徑、主、或二）
• 可選：代具之好（Nginx、Traefik）
• 可選：主路之域名
• 可選：代之 WebSocket 端

法

第一步：擇代具

Feature	Nginx	Traefik
Configuration	Static files	Docker labels / dynamic
Auto-discovery	No (manual)	Yes (Docker provider)
Let's Encrypt	Via certbot	Built-in ACME
Dashboard	No (3rd party)	Built-in
WebSocket	Manual config	Automatic
Best for	Static config, high traffic	Dynamic Docker environments

第二步：Nginx——徑路

server {
    listen 80;

    location /api/ {
        proxy_pass http://api:8000/;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }

    location /app/ {
        proxy_pass http://webapp:3000/;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }

    location / {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }
}

注： proxy_pass 之尾 / 剝位前綴。location /api/ 附 proxy_pass http://api:8000/; 將 /api/users 轉為 /users。

第三步：Nginx——主路

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name api.example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://api:8000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name app.example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://webapp:3000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

第四步：Nginx——WebSocket 代

WebSocket 需升頭。於 Shiny、Socket.IO、即載為要：

location /ws/ {
    proxy_pass http://app:3000;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_read_timeout 86400;
}

專於 Shiny 應：

map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
    default upgrade;
    ''      close;
}

server {
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://shiny:3838;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_read_timeout 86400;
        proxy_buffering off;
    }
}

得： WebSocket 連立且持。

敗則： 察 proxy_http_version 1.1 已設。驗 Upgrade 與 Connection 頭。

第五步：Traefik——Docker 標自發

docker-compose.yml：

services:
  traefik:
    image: traefik:v3.2
    command:
      - "--providers.docker=true"
      - "--providers.docker.exposedbydefault=false"
      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"
      - "--entrypoints.websecure.address=:443"
      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.email=admin@example.com"
      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.storage=/letsencrypt/acme.json"
      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.httpchallenge.entrypoint=web"
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
      - letsencrypt:/letsencrypt

  api:
    image: myapi:latest
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.rule=Host(`api.example.com`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.entrypoints=websecure"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt"
      - "traefik.http.services.api.loadbalancer.server.port=8000"

  webapp:
    image: myapp:latest
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.webapp.rule=Host(`app.example.com`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.webapp.entrypoints=websecure"
      - "traefik.http.routers.webapp.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt"
      - "traefik.http.services.webapp.loadbalancer.server.port=3000"

volumes:
  letsencrypt:

得： Traefik 以標自發服，供 SSL 證。

第六步：Traefik——徑路以標

services:
  api:
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.rule=Host(`example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/api`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.middlewares=strip-api"
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.strip-api.stripprefix.prefixes=/api"
      - "traefik.http.services.api.loadbalancer.server.port=8000"

第七步：Traefik——率限與頭

labels:
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.ratelimit.ratelimit.average=100"
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.ratelimit.ratelimit.burst=50"
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.security.headers.stsSeconds=63072000"
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.security.headers.contentTypeNosniff=true"
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.security.headers.frameDeny=true"
  - "traefik.http.routers.app.middlewares=ratelimit,security"

第八步：驗代設

# Nginx: test config
docker compose exec nginx nginx -t

# Check routing
curl -H "Host: api.example.com" http://localhost/health

# Check WebSocket (needs wscat: npm install -g wscat)
wscat -c ws://localhost/ws/

# Traefik dashboard (if enabled)
# http://localhost:8080/dashboard/

得： 請依徑或主路於正後。WebSocket 升成。

驗

• HTTP 請依徑或主路於正後
• WebSocket 連立且持
• SSL 終行（若設）
• 後受正 Host、X-Real-IP、X-Forwarded-For 頭
• Traefik 以標自發新服（若用 Traefik）
• 設於 docker compose restart 後存

陷

• 尾 / 不合：Nginx 中 proxy_pass http://app/ 對 http://app 於徑剝行異。
• WebSocket 超時：默 proxy_read_timeout 六十秒。長 WebSocket 連需 86400（二十四時）。
• Docker 符安：於 Traefik 掛 /var/run/docker.sock 予其全 Docker 訪。用 ro 掛且慎思符代。
• DNS 解：Nginx 於啟時解上。動服用 resolver 127.0.0.11 為 Docker 內 DNS。
• 缺 proxy_buffering off：Shiny 與 SSE 端需 proxy_buffering off 為實時流。

參

• configure-nginx - Nginx 詳設附 SSL 與安頭
• deploy-shinyproxy - ShinyProxy 為容 Shiny 應載
• setup-compose-stack - 用反代之 compose 棧
• configure-api-gateway - Kong 與 Traefik 之 API 門式