算法艺术创作
algorithmic-art
通过代码和可调参数创作生成艺术与交互式视觉效果。
create-2d-composition【设计与创意】Compose 2D graphics programmatically using SVG generation, diagram layout algorithms, image compositing, and batch processing workflows. Use when generating diagrams, flowcharts, or infographics programmatically, creating reproducible scientific figures, automating production of badges or visual assets, building custom chart types not in standard lib…
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以程式生二維圖形:SVG 構建、圖表佈局演算法、影像合成、批次處理流。涵向量圖形生成、點陣圖像處理、字體排印,與圖表、示意圖、資訊圖之自動化產出。
| 輸入 | 類型 | 描述 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 佈局規格 | 配置 | 尺寸、邊距、網格佈局 | 畫布 800x600px、20px 邊距 |
| 視覺元素 | 資料/資產 | 形狀、文字、圖像、資料點 | 矩形座標、標籤、圖示 |
| 樣式參數 | CSS/屬性 | 色、字體、筆劃寬、透明度 | fill="#3366cc"、stroke-width="2" |
| 資料源 | 檔案/陣列 | 待可視化或標註之值 | CSV 資料、JSON 配置 |
| 輸出格式 | 字串 | SVG、PNG、PDF、合成格式 | output.svg、300 DPI PNG |
裝二維構圖所需之庫:
# Core libraries
pip install svgwrite pillow cairosvg
# Optional: advanced features
pip install drawsvg reportlab pycairo
# For data-driven graphics
pip install matplotlib numpy pandas
預期: 庫裝成 失敗時: 察 Python 版本(3.7+),用虛擬環境以避衝突
以 svgwrite 生 SVG:
import svgwrite
from svgwrite import cm, mm
def create_basic_svg(output_path):
"""Create a simple SVG graphic."""
# Initialize drawing (use mm for precise dimensions)
dwg = svgwrite.Drawing(output_path, size=('180mm', '120mm'), profile='full')
# Add background rectangle
dwg.add(dwg.rect(
insert=(0, 0),
size=('100%', '100%'),
fill='white'
))
# Add shapes
dwg.add(dwg.circle(
center=(90*mm, 60*mm),
r=30*mm,
fill='lightblue',
stroke='navy',
stroke_width=2
))
dwg.add(dwg.rect(
insert=(30*mm, 30*mm),
size=(60*mm, 40*mm),
fill='lightgreen',
stroke='darkgreen',
stroke_width=2,
rx=5, # Rounded corners
ry=5
))
# Add text
dwg.add(dwg.text(
'Example Graphic',
insert=(90*mm, 20*mm),
text_anchor='middle',
font_size='18pt',
font_family='Arial',
fill='black'
))
dwg.save()
print(f"Saved: {output_path}")
預期: SVG 檔已生,含形狀與文字 失敗時: 察 svgwrite 版本,驗輸出目錄可寫
以算出之位造結構化示意圖:
def create_flowchart(steps, output_path):
"""Generate a flowchart from list of steps."""
dwg = svgwrite.Drawing(output_path, size=('800px', '600px'))
# Layout parameters
box_width = 120
box_height = 60
spacing_y = 100
start_x = 340
start_y = 50
for i, step in enumerate(steps):
y_pos = start_y + i * spacing_y
# Draw box
box = dwg.add(dwg.g(id=f'step_{i}'))
box.add(dwg.rect(
insert=(start_x, y_pos),
size=(box_width, box_height),
fill='lightblue',
stroke='navy',
stroke_width=2,
rx=5,
ry=5
))
# Add text (wrapped if needed)
text_lines = wrap_text(step, max_width=16)
text_y = y_pos + box_height/2 - (len(text_lines)-1) * 7
for j, line in enumerate(text_lines):
box.add(dwg.text(
line,
insert=(start_x + box_width/2, text_y + j*14),
text_anchor='middle',
font_size='12pt',
font_family='Arial',
fill='black'
))
# Draw arrow to next step
if i < len(steps) - 1:
arrow_start_y = y_pos + box_height
arrow_end_y = y_pos + spacing_y
dwg.add(dwg.line(
start=(start_x + box_width/2, arrow_start_y),
end=(start_x + box_width/2, arrow_end_y),
stroke='black',
stroke_width=2,
marker_end=dwg.marker(
id='arrow',
viewBox='0 0 10 10',
refX=5,
refY=5,
markerWidth=6,
markerHeight=6,
orient='auto'
)
))
dwg.save()
def wrap_text(text, max_width=20):
"""Simple text wrapping."""
words = text.split()
lines = []
current_line = []
for word in words:
test_line = ' '.join(current_line + [word])
if len(test_line) <= max_width:
current_line.append(word)
else:
if current_line:
lines.append(' '.join(current_line))
current_line = [word]
if current_line:
lines.append(' '.join(current_line))
return lines
預期: 流程圖已生,含相連之方塊與箭頭 失敗時: 調佈局計算,驗箭頭標記之定義
以 Pillow 合多圖:
完整 Pillow 合成例(網格、橫、縱佈局及圖注),見 references/EXAMPLES.md。
預期: 合成圖已生,佈局得宜 失敗時: 察輸入圖皆在、驗圖像模式相容
自資料造可視化:
import numpy as np
def create_bar_chart_svg(data, labels, output_path):
"""Generate SVG bar chart from data."""
dwg = svgwrite.Drawing(output_path, size=('600px', '400px'))
# Chart area
margin = 50
chart_width = 500
chart_height = 300
bar_spacing = 10
# Calculate bar dimensions
n_bars = len(data)
bar_width = (chart_width - (n_bars - 1) * bar_spacing) / n_bars
# Scale data to fit chart
max_value = max(data)
scale = chart_height / max_value
# Draw axes
dwg.add(dwg.line(
start=(margin, margin),
end=(margin, margin + chart_height),
stroke='black',
stroke_width=2
))
dwg.add(dwg.line(
start=(margin, margin + chart_height),
end=(margin + chart_width, margin + chart_height),
stroke='black',
stroke_width=2
))
# Draw bars
for i, (value, label) in enumerate(zip(data, labels)):
x = margin + i * (bar_width + bar_spacing)
bar_height = value * scale
y = margin + chart_height - bar_height
# Bar
dwg.add(dwg.rect(
insert=(x, y),
size=(bar_width, bar_height),
fill='steelblue',
stroke='navy',
stroke_width=1
))
# Value label
dwg.add(dwg.text(
f'{value:.1f}',
insert=(x + bar_width/2, y - 5),
text_anchor='middle',
font_size='10pt',
fill='black'
))
# X-axis label
dwg.add(dwg.text(
label,
insert=(x + bar_width/2, margin + chart_height + 20),
text_anchor='middle',
font_size='10pt',
fill='black'
))
dwg.save()
預期: SVG 長條圖已生,資料已縮放 失敗時: 處邊界案(空資料、負值),加驗證
自動化多圖之造:
def batch_generate_badges(users, template_path, output_dir):
"""Generate badge for each user."""
os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
for user in users:
output_path = os.path.join(output_dir, f"{user['id']}_badge.svg")
dwg = svgwrite.Drawing(output_path, size=('300px', '100px'))
# Background
dwg.add(dwg.rect(
insert=(0, 0),
size=('100%', '100%'),
fill='#3366cc',
rx=10,
ry=10
))
# User name
dwg.add(dwg.text(
user['name'],
insert=(150, 40),
text_anchor='middle',
font_size='20pt',
font_weight='bold',
fill='white'
))
# User role
dwg.add(dwg.text(
user['role'],
insert=(150, 70),
text_anchor='middle',
font_size='14pt',
fill='lightblue'
))
dwg.save()
print(f"Generated badge: {output_path}")
預期: 各資料項皆生獨立圖形 失敗時: 察資料結構,缺欄以預設值處之
匯 SVG 為 PNG/PDF 以供多用:
import cairosvg
def svg_to_png(svg_path, png_path, dpi=300):
"""Convert SVG to PNG with specified DPI."""
# Calculate pixel dimensions from DPI
# Assuming A4 size as example
width_inches = 8.27
height_inches = 11.69
width_px = int(width_inches * dpi)
height_px = int(height_inches * dpi)
cairosvg.svg2png(
url=svg_path,
write_to=png_path,
output_width=width_px,
output_height=height_px
)
print(f"Converted to PNG: {png_path}")
def svg_to_pdf(svg_path, pdf_path):
"""Convert SVG to PDF."""
cairosvg.svg2pdf(url=svg_path, write_to=pdf_path)
print(f"Converted to PDF: {pdf_path}")
預期: 點陣輸出已生於指定解析度 失敗時: 若缺則裝 cairo 系統庫,察 SVG 之有效性
#rrggbb),非元組