计划执行与检查节点
executing-plans
按既定实施计划完成工作,保持过程检查和反馈。
hardening-linux-endpoint-with-cis-benchmark【效率与协作】使用 CIS Benchmark 建议对 Ubuntu、RHEL 和 CentOS 的 Linux 端点进行加固, 以减少攻击面、执行安全基线并满足合规要求。适用于部署新 Linux 服务器、修复审计发现 或为 Linux 基础设施建立安全基线的场景。
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在以下情况下使用本技能:
不适用于 Windows 加固(使用 hardening-windows-endpoint-with-cis-benchmark)。
# 1.1.1 禁用未使用的文件系统
cat >> /etc/modprobe.d/CIS.conf << 'EOF'
install cramfs /bin/true
install freevxfs /bin/true
install jffs2 /bin/true
install hfs /bin/true
install hfsplus /bin/true
install squashfs /bin/true
install udf /bin/true
EOF
# 1.1.2 确保 /tmp 是带有 nodev,nosuid,noexec 的独立分区
# /etc/fstab 条目:
# tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
systemctl unmask tmp.mount
systemctl enable tmp.mount
# 1.1.8 确保 /dev/shm 有 nodev 选项
mount -o remount,nodev,nosuid,noexec /dev/shm
echo "tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
# 1.4 安全引导设置
chown root:root /boot/grub/grub.cfg
chmod 600 /boot/grub/grub.cfg
# 设置 GRUB 密码
grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 # 生成哈希,添加到 /etc/grub.d/40_custom
# 2.1 禁用不必要的服务
systemctl disable --now avahi-daemon
systemctl disable --now cups
systemctl disable --now rpcbind
systemctl disable --now xinetd
# 2.2 确保已配置 NTP
apt install chrony -y # 或 systemd-timesyncd
systemctl enable --now chrony
# 3.1 网络参数(仅主机,非路由器)
cat >> /etc/sysctl.d/99-cis.conf << 'EOF'
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0
EOF
sysctl --system
# 3.4 配置防火墙(UFW 或 firewalld)
ufw enable
ufw default deny incoming
ufw default allow outgoing
ufw allow ssh
# 5.2 SSH 服务器配置(/etc/ssh/sshd_config)
sed -i 's/#Protocol 2/Protocol 2/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cat >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config << 'EOF'
LogLevel VERBOSE
MaxAuthTries 4
PermitRootLogin no
PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication no
X11Forwarding no
MaxStartups 10:30:60
LoginGraceTime 60
AllowTcpForwarding no
ClientAliveInterval 300
ClientAliveCountMax 3
EOF
systemctl restart sshd
# 5.3 密码策略(PAM)
# /etc/security/pwquality.conf
minlen = 14
dcredit = -1
ucredit = -1
ocredit = -1
lcredit = -1
# 5.4 用户账户设置
# /etc/login.defs
PASS_MAX_DAYS 365
PASS_MIN_DAYS 1
PASS_WARN_AGE 7
# 锁定非活跃账号
useradd -D -f 30
# 安装并配置 auditd
apt install auditd audispd-plugins -y
systemctl enable --now auditd
# /etc/audit/rules.d/cis.rules
cat > /etc/audit/rules.d/cis.rules << 'EOF'
-w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k scope
-w /etc/sudoers.d/ -p wa -k scope
-w /var/log/sudo.log -p wa -k actions
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k system-locale
-w /etc/group -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/shadow -p wa -k identity
-w /var/log/faillog -p wa -k logins
-w /var/log/lastlog -p wa -k logins
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S unlink -S rmdir -S rename -k delete
-w /sbin/insmod -p x -k modules
-w /sbin/modprobe -p x -k modules
-e 2
EOF
augenrules --load
# 配置 rsyslog 进行远程日志记录
echo "*.* @@syslog-server.corp.com:514" >> /etc/rsyslog.d/50-remote.conf
systemctl restart rsyslog
# 安装 OpenSCAP
apt install openscap-scanner scap-security-guide -y
# 运行 CIS benchmark 评估
oscap xccdf eval \
--profile xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_cis_level1_server \
--results /tmp/cis_results.xml \
--report /tmp/cis_report.html \
/usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/ssg-ubuntu2204-ds.xml
# 在浏览器中查看 HTML 报告以获取详细结果
| 术语 | 定义 |
|---|---|
| OpenSCAP | 用于自动合规检查的开源 SCAP(安全内容自动化协议)扫描器 |
| auditd | 用于监控系统调用和文件访问的 Linux 审计框架 |
| PAM | 可插拔认证模块(Pluggable Authentication Modules),Linux 的可配置认证框架 |
| sysctl | 用于网络和系统安全调优的 Linux 内核参数配置 |
| AIDE | 高级入侵检测环境(Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment),Linux 文件完整性检查工具 |