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name: blender-core-api description: > Use when writing Blender Python scripts that access bpy module structure, RNA data, the context system, dependency graph, or operator invocation. Prevents the common mistake of accessing context attributes outside their valid scope or calling operators without checking poll(). Covers bpy.data, bpy.context, bpy.ops, depsgraph evaluation, and RNA property access patterns across Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x. Keywords: bpy, Blender Python, RNA, context, depsgraph, operator, bpy.data, bpy.ops, how to start scripting Blender, Blender Python basics, access objects in scene, get selected object. license: MIT compatibility: "Designed for Claude Code. Requires Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x with Python." metadata: author: OpenAEC-Foundation version: "1.0"

blender-core-api

Quick Reference

bpy Module Hierarchy

Module	Purpose	Example
bpy.data	All blend-file data (ID data blocks)	bpy.data.objects["Cube"]
bpy.context	Current state (active object, mode, selection)	bpy.context.active_object
bpy.ops	Operators with undo support	bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cube_add()
bpy.types	Type definitions for all Blender structs	class MyOp(bpy.types.Operator):
bpy.props	Property definitions for custom data	bpy.props.FloatProperty()
bpy.utils	Utility functions (registration, paths)	bpy.utils.register_class(cls)
bpy.app	Application info (version, handlers)	bpy.app.version
bpy.path	Blender-aware path utilities	bpy.path.abspath("//file.png")
bpy.msgbus	Message bus for property notifications	bpy.msgbus.subscribe_rna()

bpy.data Collections (all versions)

bpy.data
├── .objects      ├── .meshes       ├── .materials    ├── .scenes
├── .collections  ├── .node_groups  ├── .images       ├── .textures
├── .lights       ├── .cameras      ├── .curves       ├── .armatures
├── .worlds       ├── .actions      └── ... (30+ total collection types)

Critical Warnings

NEVER cache bpy.data object references across undo operations — undo invalidates all pointers.

NEVER call bpy.ops.* from a background thread — all bpy calls MUST run on the main thread.

NEVER use dict context overrides in Blender 4.0+ — use context.temp_override() instead.

NEVER modify scene data inside Panel.draw() — draw callbacks are read-only.

NEVER access mesh.vertices while in Edit Mode — the data is not synchronized. Use bmesh.from_edit_mesh() instead.

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Essential Patterns

Pattern 1: Data Access vs. Operators

Use bpy.data for direct data manipulation (fast, no undo). Use bpy.ops only when undo support or user-facing actions are required.

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x: CORRECT: direct data access (no context required)
obj = bpy.data.objects.get("Cube")
if obj:
    obj.location = (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x: CORRECT: operator when undo is needed
bpy.ops.object.location_clear()  # Requires correct context

Pattern 2: Context Overrides (version-critical)

# Blender 3.x ONLY: BROKEN in 4.0+
override = bpy.context.copy()
override['active_object'] = obj
bpy.ops.object.modifier_apply(override, modifier="Subsurf")  # REMOVED in 4.0

# Blender 3.2+ and 4.x/5.x: CORRECT
with bpy.context.temp_override(object=obj, active_object=obj):
    bpy.ops.object.modifier_apply(modifier="Subsurf")

# Blender 4.x/5.x: Override area for viewport operators
for window in bpy.context.window_manager.windows:
    for area in window.screen.areas:
        if area.type == 'VIEW_3D':
            with bpy.context.temp_override(window=window, area=area):
                bpy.ops.view3d.snap_cursor_to_center()
            break

Pattern 3: ID Data Block Lifecycle

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x: create, link, manage user count
mesh = bpy.data.meshes.new("MyMesh")         # Creates data block
obj = bpy.data.objects.new("MyObject", mesh) # Creates object referencing mesh
bpy.context.collection.objects.link(obj)     # REQUIRED: link to scene collection

# Prevent orphaned data from being purged on save
mesh.use_fake_user = True  # Keeps data even with zero users

# Remove data block
bpy.data.meshes.remove(mesh)

Pattern 4: Dependency Graph

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x: get evaluated (post-modifier) data
depsgraph = bpy.context.evaluated_depsgraph_get()
obj_eval = obj.evaluated_get(depsgraph)       # Evaluated object
mesh_eval = obj_eval.to_mesh()                # Evaluated mesh (read-only)
# ... read mesh_eval ...
obj_eval.to_mesh_clear()                      # ALWAYS clean up

# Iterate ALL instances (including collection/particle instances)
for instance in depsgraph.object_instances:
    obj = instance.object          # Evaluated object
    matrix = instance.matrix_world # World transform
    is_inst = instance.is_instance # True for non-base instances

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Common Operations

Object Selection and Activation

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x: correct API (2.80+ style)
obj.select_set(True)                              # NOT obj.select = True
bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj       # NOT scene.objects.active

RNA Introspection

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x: inspect properties via RNA
obj = bpy.context.active_object
for prop in obj.bl_rna.properties:
    print(f"{prop.identifier}: {prop.type}")

# Get type info on a specific property
prop = obj.bl_rna.properties['location']
print(prop.array_length)  # 3
print(prop.subtype)       # 'TRANSLATION'

Application Handlers

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x
from bpy.app.handlers import persistent

@persistent  # Decorator required to survive file load
def on_depsgraph_update(scene, depsgraph):
    for update in depsgraph.updates:
        if update.is_updated_geometry:
            print(f"Geometry changed: {update.id.name}")

bpy.app.handlers.depsgraph_update_post.append(on_depsgraph_update)

# Unregister in addon unregister():
bpy.app.handlers.depsgraph_update_post.remove(on_depsgraph_update)

Version Detection

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x
major, minor, patch = bpy.app.version  # e.g., (4, 2, 0)

if bpy.app.version >= (4, 0, 0):
    # Use temp_override, NodeTree.interface, bone.collections
    pass
if bpy.app.version >= (5, 0, 0):
    # Use gpu module exclusively for drawing
    pass

Creating and Linking Objects

# Blender 3.x/4.x/5.x: complete pattern
mesh = bpy.data.meshes.new("MyMesh")
verts = [(0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 0)]
faces = [(0, 1, 2, 3)]
mesh.from_pydata(verts, [], faces)
mesh.update()  # ALWAYS call after from_pydata

obj = bpy.data.objects.new("MyObject", mesh)
bpy.context.collection.objects.link(obj)  # REQUIRED — objects without links are invisible

Restricted Contexts

Callback	Forbidden Operations
Panel.draw()	bpy.ops.*, property modification
depsgraph_update_post	Adding/removing objects, scene mutation
render_pre/post	Most bpy.ops.*
Background mode	All viewport operators, OpenGL

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Version-Specific Migration Rules

Feature	Blender 3.x	Blender 4.0+
Context override	bpy.ops.foo(override_dict, ...)	context.temp_override(...)
Mesh bevel weight	edge.bevel_weight	mesh.attributes["bevel_weight_edge"]
Mesh crease	edge.crease	mesh.attributes["crease_edge"]
Node group sockets	node_group.inputs.new(...)	node_group.interface.new_socket(...)
Bone layers	bone.layers[i]	bone.collections

Feature	Blender 4.x	Blender 5.0+
Drawing	bgl module (deprecated)	gpu module (REQUIRED)
Compositing	scene.node_tree	scene.compositing_node_group
EEVEE identifier	BLENDER_EEVEE or BLENDER_EEVEE_NEXT	BLENDER_EEVEE

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Reference Links

• references/methods.md — Complete API signatures for bpy.data, bpy.context, bpy.ops, bpy.types, Depsgraph
• references/examples.md — Working code examples verified against official documentation
• references/anti-patterns.md — What NOT to do, with WHY explanations

Official Sources

• https://docs.blender.org/api/current/info_quickstart.html
• https://docs.blender.org/api/current/info_overview.html
• https://docs.blender.org/api/current/bpy.context.html
• https://docs.blender.org/api/current/bpy.types.Depsgraph.html
• https://docs.blender.org/api/current/bpy.types.Context.html