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name: lightning-trampoline description: | Trampoline routing: outsource pathfinding to "trampoline" nodes for clients that lack full graph knowledge. Mobile-friendly. Eclair (ACINQ/Phoenix) is the reference deployment; LDK receives and forwards; still unmerged as BOLTs PR #836 (September 2026). USE WHEN: implementing trampoline-aware sender/receiver, evaluating trampoline vs full pathfinding. allowed-tools: Read, Grep, Glob

Trampoline Routing

Mobile / light Lightning clients can't sync the full public channel graph efficiently (~32,700 public channels, mempool.space, 30 August 2026). Trampoline lets them target trampoline-capable nodes, which then do their own pathfinding to the destination.

Why

Pathfinding cost, order of magnitude (public graph ~32,700 channels, mempool.space, 30 August 2026):

• Full sync: 50-100 MB graph + ~30 minutes initial sync.
• Memory: 50-100 MB resident.
• Update bandwidth: continuous gossip rate.

For battery-constrained mobile, trampoline shifts this to a server.

Mechanism

Sender constructs a 2-layer onion:

• Outer onion: routes to trampoline node, payload is opaque.
• Inner onion (encrypted): contains target destination + amount.

When trampoline receives the outer-onion HTLC:

1. Decrypts inner payload → learns final destination + min CLTV.
2. Computes route from itself to destination using its full graph.
3. Builds a fresh outer-onion targeting that route.
4. Forwards.

Multi-trampoline: multiple trampoline hops each doing their own pathfinding.

Cost

Trampoline node charges:

• Forwarding fees on its segment.
• Optionally: a "service fee" for pathfinding (e.g., higher fee_base).

Sender selects trampolines based on offered service quality + cost.

Onion structure

Sender's onion:
  hop 1: trampoline_A
    - Trampoline payload (BOLT 4 TLV with type 20 trampoline_onion):
      Embedded onion targeting trampoline_B or destination.
  hop 2: trampoline_B (if any)
  ...

Trampoline embedded onion carries the actual onion to the next trampoline (or the final hop).

Implementation status

Still not in the BOLTs: the spec lives in unmerged lightning/bolts#836 (trampoline_onion_packet TLV 20, feature bits 56/57), open since January 2021 and still open as of September 2026. The earlier PR #654 ("Trampoline Routing") was closed unmerged in 2021.

Implementation	Trampoline send	Trampoline receive / relay	Feature bits
Eclair	yes	yes (relays for Phoenix)	148/149 prototype
Phoenix	yes (uses ACINQ trampoline)	yes	148/149 prototype
Electrum	yes	yes (endpoint only)	148/149 + own 150/151
LDK	partial (see below)	yes (receive + forward)	56/57 (spec PR)
CLN	no	no	bit 56 named only
LND	no	no	none

Status as of September 2026 (Eclair v0.14.3, 14 Sep 2026; LDK v0.2.6, 9 Sep 2026, plus main):

• Eclair is the reference deployment, but on the legacy prototype bits 148/149 (trampoline_payment_prototype). Its Features.scala says outright that this version "does not match the latest spec PR" and that a parallel version lands once the spec is accepted.
• LDK implements the spec-PR bits 56/57; its feature docs describe them as "supports receiving and forwarding Trampoline payments". Router types (TrampolineHop, BlindedTail::trampoline_hops) exist, but LDK does not advertise trampoline sending.
• Electrum uses Eclair's 148/149 plus its own 150/151, because "Phoenix cannot do end-to-end multi-trampoline routes" (lnutil.py).
• CLN carries option_trampoline_routing only as a printable name for bit 56 in common/features.c; there is no OPT_* define and it advertises nothing. LND has no trampoline code at all.
• Consequence: the 148/149 family (Eclair / Phoenix / Electrum) and the 56/57 family (LDK) do not interoperate yet.

Trampoline + MPP

Sender splits a payment into multiple parts; each part can route via different trampolines. Receiver assembles by payment_secret.

Use case

Phoenix wallet uses ACINQ as exclusive trampoline:

• Phoenix pays only ACINQ.
• ACINQ does all pathfinding to destinations.
• Simpler wallet code, slightly higher fees.

Common bugs

• Trampoline node rejects (insufficient fee/CLTV) → retry with bumped values.
• Inner onion CLTV / amount mismatch with outer → onion processing fails.
• Trampoline doesn't support feature → falls back to direct pathfinding (which mobile may not have data for).

See also

• routing/SKILL.md
• onion/SKILL.md
• bolts/SKILL.md