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name: jmgmt-contribution-framing description: Use when turning results into an explicit theoretical contribution for a Journal of Management (JOM) manuscript — the "what new theory do we learn?" statement and the discussion section. Frames the contribution; it does not build the original theory (jmgmt-theory-development) or run the analysis (jmgmt-data-analysis).

Contribution Framing & Discussion (jmgmt-contribution-framing)

When to trigger

• Results are in but the "so what for theory" is vague or missing
• The discussion restates findings instead of advancing the theory
• A reviewer says the contribution is "incremental," "descriptive," or "unclear"
• You can describe what you found but not what the field now knows that it did not before
• A meta-analysis reports corrected effects but never says what theory they settle
• The practical-implications paragraph is generic ("managers should pay attention to X")

The contribution question JOM asks

JOM's gate is the theoretical contribution: what do we now understand about the theory that we did not before? Strong results with no theoretical advance read as a technical report, not a JOM paper — and that is true for empirical papers and for meta-analyses/reviews, which must move theory, not merely tally effects. Because JOM is a general-management journal, the best contributions also travel across subfields: a mechanism uncovered in HR that informs strategy or entrepreneurship is exactly the kind of cross-cutting advance JOM prizes.

Types of theoretical contribution (claim the right one)

Contribution type	What it does
Reveal a new mechanism	Explains why an established effect occurs
Establish a boundary	Shows when an effect holds, weakens, or reverses
Adjudicate competing theories	Shows which of two rival predictions holds, and why
Integrate / bridge	Connects two literatures into a more general account
Challenge an assumption	Overturns a taken-for-granted premise (problematization)
Introduce/refine a construct	Conceptualizes and validates a construct that earns its keep
Synthesize & redirect	(Review/meta) consolidates a literature and sets the agenda

State explicitly which type(s) you claim; do not gesture at "contributing to the literature."

Writing the discussion

A strong JOM discussion typically:

1. Restates the core finding in theoretical terms (one short paragraph, no number-dump).
2. Theoretical implications — for each, name the literature, state what changes, and how. This is the heart of the section, and where cross-subfield reach should be made explicit.
3. Practical implications — specific to the phenomenon and grounded in the findings, never boilerplate.
4. Limitations — honest, but framed as boundary conditions and future directions, not fatal confessions.
5. Future research — concrete questions the study opens, tied to the mechanism/boundary.

Match the discussion to the front end: the contributions claimed here must be the ones promised in the introduction. A reviewer will check that the intro's promise and the discussion's delivery line up.

Contribution framing for a meta-analysis / review

• A meta-analysis's contribution is the theoretical resolution the pooled evidence provides — which moderator pattern adjudicates which theory — plus the agenda its credibility intervals and heterogeneity reveal.
• A review's contribution is its organizing framework and forward research agenda; the discussion should make the agenda concrete and theory-anchored, not a generic "more research is needed."

The contribution statement (intro and discussion)

Draft 2–4 explicit contribution sentences and place a version in the introduction and the discussion. Each: "We contribute to [literature] by showing [mechanism/boundary/integration/adjudication], which advances [theory] because [reason]."

Checklist

• The contribution type is named (mechanism/boundary/adjudication/integration/assumption/construct/synthesis)
• 2–4 explicit contribution sentences, consistent between intro and discussion
• Discussion advances theory; cross-subfield reach made explicit where it exists
• Practical implications specific to the phenomenon and the findings
• Limitations framed as boundary conditions + future directions
• Future research follows from the mechanism/boundary, not generic
• (Meta/review) the theoretical resolution / forward agenda is explicit
• Intro's promised contribution = discussion's delivered contribution

Anti-patterns

• Restating results as "contribution": "We found A affects B" is a finding, not a contribution
• Incremental framing: "we extend prior work to a new setting" with no theoretical change
• Over-claiming: a paradigm shift a single study cannot support
• Boilerplate practical implications: "managers should be aware of X," untethered from data
• Coefficient-census meta-analysis: corrected effects with no theory they settle
• Intro/discussion mismatch: promising one contribution, delivering another
• Limitations as confession: flaws listed without converting them into boundary conditions

Output format

【Contribution type(s)】mechanism / boundary / adjudication / integration / assumption / construct / synthesis
【Contribution sentences】1–4 (intro = discussion)
【Theoretical implications】per literature: what changes and why ...
【Cross-subfield reach】who else in management this informs ...
【Practical implications】specific, grounded ...
【Limitations → boundaries】...
【Future research】concrete, mechanism-tied ...
【Intro↔discussion consistency】yes/no
【Next step】jmgmt-tables-figures