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name: commres-writing-style description: Use when drafting or polishing a Communication Research (CR) manuscript so it reads as cumulative social science, follows APA style, and fits the limits (manuscript no more than 45 double-spaced pages inclusive of references). Tightens prose and format; it does not invent content.

Writing Style (commres-writing-style)

A CR paper must read as quantitative communication science: a clear theory-to-hypotheses build, an APA-formatted report, and discipline to the 45-page (double-spaced, inclusive of references) limit (检索于 2026-06；以官网为准). This skill is about reaching CR's readership and respecting the format — not about generating claims.

When to trigger

• Drafting the introduction, the "present study / hypotheses" paragraph, or final polish
• Over the page limit and needing to cut without losing the argument
• Writing the abstract
• Aligning citations/headings/statistics to APA before submission

Write as cumulative social science

1. Front-load the contribution. By the end of the introduction the reader knows the question, the theory, the hypotheses, and why they matter to communication science. Don't make a reviewer dig.
2. Theory → hypotheses → method → results → discussion. Use the standard social-science arc; the introduction builds explicitly to numbered hypotheses (and RQs), which the Results test in order.
3. Argument-first prose. Lead with claims; use evidence to support them. Avoid "the data show…" without saying what they show and why it matters for the theory.
4. Minimize subfield jargon or define it on first use; spell out acronyms. CR is read across communication science, so a political-comm reader should follow a health-comm paper.
5. Report results in APA. Integrate statistics into prose per APA (M, SD, test with df, effect size, exact p); keep tense and notation consistent.

Format to APA

• Citations: author-date per APA; one consistent style (manage with Zotero/BibTeX); references count toward the page limit.
• Manuscript: double-spaced; report statistics in line with APA (SDs and effect sizes where applicable). Verify the current file/format specifics on the SAGE author page.
• Anonymize: CR is double-anonymized — no author names/affiliations/acknowledgments in the main document or supplemental materials; write self-citations in the third person; strip file metadata; provide a separate title page.
• Abstract: concise statement of question, method, and finding (confirm the exact cap on the SAGE page — 待核实).

Fit the page limit (≤ 45 double-spaced pages, inclusive of references)

• Move full specifications, robustness grids, scale items, and codebooks to the online supplement.
• Cut throat-clearing and literature dumps; engage the empirical debate, not every paper (see commres-literature-positioning).
• Prefer one decisive figure (a path diagram or simple-slopes plot) to three redundant tables.
• Keep the hypotheses tight; do not restate them verbatim in three places.

Editor and referee expectations on prose (what trips the desk and the review)

CR is SAGE's quantitative social-scientific communication journal, so the editor reads the opening pages asking one question fast: does this test a communication mechanism in a way that advances the cumulative literature? The table maps common prose-level failure signals to what a CR editor infers and the venue-specific fix.

Prose signal the editor sees	What it reads as at CR	Social-science fix
Platform/dataset named before a communication process	"platform write-up, not a test"	open on the message/processing/effect process; platform is the site
No numbered hypotheses by the end of the intro	descriptive or under-theorized	build the intro to explicit H1…Hk (RQs where theory is thin)
Abstract reports a main effect but no mechanism	finding without a contribution	state the mediator/moderator the study tests
Results give stars but no effect sizes	not APA, not interpretable	report d/η²ₚ/β with CIs and substantive meaning

Worked micro-example: tightening a framing-effects abstract (illustrative)

A survey-experiment manuscript tests whether episodic vs. thematic news framing shifts blame attribution. The first abstract reports only "framing had a significant effect (p < .05)." Walking it through the rules: (1) add the effect size and direction — episodic framing raised individual-blame attribution (illustrative d ≈ 0.4); (2) name the mechanism tested — the effect is mediated by perceived personal responsibility (H2), advancing framing theory rather than re-demonstrating it; (3) add the boundary — stronger for low-knowledge respondents (H3). The revised abstract states question, design, the tested mechanism, and a magnitude — reading as cumulative science, not a significance announcement.

Anti-patterns

• An introduction that never reaches explicit, numbered hypotheses
• Burying the contribution; an abstract that hides the finding or omits the mechanism
• Reporting significance without effect sizes (an APA-reporting failure at CR)
• Mixed citation styles; first-person self-references that break anonymity
• Letting the manuscript drift over the 45-page limit because supplements were not used

Output format

【Hypotheses stated by end of intro?】[Y/N]
【Reads as cumulative social science?】theory→H→method→results→discussion? [Y/N]
【Results in APA?】effect sizes + CIs/SDs, not stars only? [Y/N]
【Abstract】states question + design + mechanism + finding? cap confirmed?
【Length】≤ 45 double-spaced pp incl. references? [Y/N]
【APA + anonymized + third-person self-cites】[Y/N]
【Next】commres-transparency-and-data

Supplementary resources

• ../../resources/official-source-map.md — page limit, APA reporting, Word format, anonymization