---

name: hlr-writing-style description: Use when shaping the prose and structure of a Harvard Law Review (HLR) piece for a generalist, student-edited audience — clear introductions, disciplined Parts, and the heavy-footnote register of legal scholarship. Polishes how it reads; it does not forge the claim (hlr-thesis-and-contribution) or format citations (hlr-sources-and-bluebook).

Writing Style (hlr-writing-style)

HLR prose must persuade a generalist, student-edited audience: the editors who screen and the readers across every legal field. The register is distinctive — long, formal, heavily footnoted Articles in which the text carries the argument and the footnotes carry the support and qualifications. This skill makes the piece readable, front-loaded, and legible past any one specialty.

When to trigger

• Drafting or revising the introduction, Part headings, or transitions
• A reader says the piece is "hard to follow" or "buries the point"
• The text-vs-footnote division of labor feels wrong (argument in footnotes, throat-clearing in text)
• Polishing before placement (after the argument and citations are sound)

The HLR introduction bar

By the end of the introduction the reader should know the problem, the claim, the stakes, and the roadmap — in that order, and early. Build the funnel:

1. Hook with the live problem — the case, split, or development, stated concretely.
2. State the claim — your thesis, in a declarative sentence, on page one or two.
3. Stake the contribution — what prior law/scholarship gets wrong and what you add.
4. Preview the payoff — who acts differently if you are right.
5. Roadmap — a short Part-by-Part map (not a padded paragraph of signposting).

Register: text vs. footnotes (the distinctive law-review division)

Belongs in the text	Belongs in the footnotes
The argument and its logic	Authority for each proposition (pincited)
The claim and the prescription	Qualifications, caveats, and side disputes
The hard case and its resolution	String cites, parentheticals, contrary authority
What a generalist must follow	What a specialist may want to verify

The text should read as a clean argument even if a reader ignored the footnotes; the footnotes should let a skeptic verify every step. Argument that hides in footnotes is a structural error.

Prose discipline

• Plain, formal, active. Legal scholarship is formal but not turgid; prefer the verb to the nominalization ("the court held," not "a holding was issued").
• Define terms of art once, then use them consistently — generalist editors are not in your subfield.
• Headings that carry meaning. Part and section headings should state the move, not label a topic.
• No throat-clearing. "It is important to note that" and "this Article will argue" can usually be cut.
• Manage length. Articles are long, but every Part must earn its space; cut the redundant doctrinal recap that the footnotes already support.

Checklist

• Introduction states problem → claim → contribution → payoff → roadmap, early
• The thesis is a declarative sentence on page one or two
• Argument lives in the text; authority and caveats live in footnotes
• Terms of art defined once and used consistently
• Headings state moves, not topics
• Throat-clearing and redundant recap cut
• Reads legibly to a generalist outside the subfield

Anti-patterns

• Burying the thesis after pages of doctrinal warm-up
• Hiding the real argument in footnotes while the text drones descriptively
• Subfield jargon undefined for a generalist editor
• "This Article will show…" signposting that replaces actually showing
• Length without discipline — Parts that repeat what the footnotes already establish

Output format

【Intro】problem → claim → contribution → payoff → roadmap? [Y/N each]
【Thesis placement】page 1-2? [Y/N]
【Text/footnote division】argument in text, support in notes? [Y/N]
【Terms of art】defined once, consistent? [Y/N]
【Cuts】throat-clearing / redundant recap removed? [Y/N]
【Next】hlr-placement-strategy → hlr-submission

Supplementary resources

• ../../resources/worked-examples/01-introduction.md — before→after HLR-style introduction
• ../../resources/exemplars/library.md — real HLR pieces to study for register and structure