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name: ieeesp-review-process description: Use when reasoning about IEEE S&P (Oakland) peer review, including the rounds inside each cycle, early-reject notices, the rebuttal for second-round papers, the Accept/Revise/Reject decision set, the Research Ethics Committee, shepherding of accepted papers, and the one-year resubmission embargo.

IEEE S&P Review Process

Use this to model what happens to an S&P submission after upload and where author effort still moves the outcome. The structural constant across recent cycles is a round structure inside each cycle ending in a three-way decision; the dates below are the verified Cycle 2 timetable for S&P 2027 (sp2027.ieee-security.org/cfpapers.html, checked 2026-07-08).

Rounds inside a cycle

Stage	2027 Cycle 2 date	What actually happens
Submission closes	Nov 17, 2026	Record frozen; REC screening begins where flagged
First round	—	A subset of the PC reads; weakest papers cut
Early-reject notice	Jan 18, 2027	Cut papers exit without rebuttal
Reviews released	Feb 11, 2027	Surviving papers see full reviews
Rebuttal due	Feb 16, 2027	~5 days; second-round papers only
Decision	Mar 5, 2027	Accept / Revise / Reject

The asymmetry to plan around: first-round papers never get to answer their reviewers. The introduction, threat model, and evaluation summary must survive a skeptical first read on their own — that is why ieeesp-writing-style front-loads the adversary and the evidence map.

The three-way decision, and why Revise is the signature

• Accept comes with a draft meta-review listing remaining concerns and a shepherd who strikes each concern once the camera-ready resolves it — acceptance at S&P is conditional in substance even when not in name.
• Revise invites a limited set of papers to submit a structured major revision against a written summary of expectations, re-reviewed (ideally by the same reviewers). It is the venue's mechanism for "the contribution is real, the evidence is not finished." Which later cycle a Revise resubmits into is cycle-specific — 待核实 on the live pages every time.
• Reject starts the one-year embargo from the original submission date; a future submission with roughly ≥40% overlap counts as a resubmission.

Treat a Revise as the best non-accept outcome in security publishing: the expectations document is a contract. Deliver exactly what it lists, map each expectation to a change, and do not use the revision to add unrequested new material that reopens settled questions.

The Research Ethics Committee is a separate track

S&P registers an Ethics Considerations entry for every paper at submission time, and papers raising concerns are routed to a Research Ethics Committee that can recommend rejection on ethical grounds regardless of technical merit. The named baseline is the Menlo Report. Reviewers also expect IRB approval/waiver status disclosed where human subjects or user data are involved, and harm-mitigation discussion whenever PII is touched. The REC evaluates what you did — disclosure sent, data minimized, approvals obtained — months before submission; nothing written during review can substitute for actions not taken.

Where author leverage lives

Leverage map (S&P cycle):
  Before registration   ████████ abstract routes reviewers; ethics record set
  First round           ─ none: paper speaks alone; no rebuttal if cut
  Rebuttal window       ████ high on misreadings, moderate on evidence gaps
                             (5 days: pre-draft the likely objections)
  Reviewer discussion   ─ only via the rebuttal already filed
  Revise window         ██████ a written contract you can fully satisfy
  Camera-ready          ███ shepherd negotiation over concrete concerns

Reading reviews from this PC

The S&P pool reads adversarially by profession. Expect objections shaped as: "the adaptive attacker breaks this defense," "the threat model assumes capabilities that make the attack uninteresting," "the measurement sample is biased toward ," "the ethics section does not say who approved this." Classify each review point by whether it disputes the claim, the evidence, or the ethics record — the three need different responses (ieeesp-author-response).

Process misfires

• A review that misstates the paper's mechanism is rebuttal material: quote the submission with section numbers, without heat.
• Ethics allegations are answered with documentation (dates, approval IDs, disclosure timelines), never with indignation.
• Suspected reviewer misconduct goes privately to the PC chairs.
• After a final Reject there is no appeal track; the embargo clock and a sibling venue are the real options.

Output format

[Stage] pre-submission / round 1 / rebuttal / decision wait / revise / shepherding
[Next transition] <date from current cycle pages> (待核实 if unverified)
[Survival read] early-reject risk: low / med / high (why)
[Objection forecast] claim: <..> · evidence: <..> · ethics: <..>
[If Revise] expectations doc summarized? resubmission cycle confirmed?