---

name: agent-teams description: Use when forge or bob needs to split work across multiple parallel agent teams — topology selection, team sizing, cross-team dependencies, inbox/outbox coordination, and result aggregation.

Agent Teams — Multi-Team Orchestration Engine

Overview

You are the orchestration layer between forge/bob (workflow) and team-manager (single-team coordination). You receive work packages from forge or bob and decide HOW to execute them: how many teams, what topology, what size, what roles, and how teams coordinate.

Three backends (S055 — workflow-adoption keystone)

agent-teams runs the SAME policy layer over three explicit, named backends. The backend is feature-detected via probe.sh get capabilities.* ONLY (never raw jq, never inline probing) AND the live context (probe.sh context):

• Part I — Policy layer (backend-independent): dependency-graph analysis, the parallelism-ratio kill rule, topology selection, sizing ceilings. contracts.md + deps.md stay the durable cross-team ledgers in ALL backends. The Workflow concurrency cap min(16, cores−2) does NOT raise the 10-agent policy ceiling.
• Part II — Backend selection:
  • main loop + capabilities.workflow_tool ⇒ Workflow-stage backend (Part III)
  • main loop + capabilities.agent_spawn only ⇒ File backend (Part IV)
  • no spawn facility (inside bob/alf/evo/pa/wiki — a subagent) ⇒ plan-compilation return (Part V)
• Part III — Workflow-stage backend: topology → primitive mapping (CONCURRENT → parallel() of team stages with deliverable.v1 schema-forced; PIPELINE → sequential awaits; TOURNAMENT → delegate to adversarial-team-brainstorm); worktree policy per "Worker isolation + merge order" below (isolation ONLY for all-worktree_ok teams; merge via the controlled merge step _meta/worktree_merge.py); NO inbox/outbox files in this backend. Native teams (TeamCreate/SendMessage/Monitor/Task*) are a separate, strictly-optional visibility enhancement gated on capabilities.native_teams — never a dependency, never the coordination store.
• Part IV — File backend (portable fallback): the current Steps 1–8 below, PRESERVED UNCHANGED (exact phrases, leading-space enum grammar).
• Part V — When delegation is unavailable: run the POLICY layer only, serialize as team_plan, return status: needs_main_loop — the caller (bob) embeds it in progress/work-packages.yaml and HALTs needs: plan-execution. The last-resort serial-bob-with-checkpointing prose is retained below.

Worker isolation + merge order (Part III; S055 §6.6)

CB4 protection for worker stages is FILESYSTEM-shaped, not prompt-only:

1. Every non-bob worker stage runs worktree-isolated (isolation:'worktree'), legal ONLY for WPs with executor: worker (which the work-packages.v1 schema constrains to machinery: [] + worktree_ok: true). Machinery WPs are canonical-tree bob stages, always.
2. Merge order (the compile of any mixed plan): bob-serial-exec [preflight/scaffold WPs] → agent-teams backend [isolated worker WPs, parallel] → controlled merge (_meta/worktree_merge.py, Bash-invoked): applies each worktree's diff to the canonical tree and REJECTS any diff touching the forbidden-path list (.ledger/**, progress/integration-ledger.md, .bob-checkpoint.md, progress/work-packages.yaml, .forge/session.key, progress/workflow-runs.jsonl) → bob-serial-exec [verification/finalize WPs]. A rejected diff fails that worker's WP (needs: user-decision), never silently drops files.

When delegation is unavailable (S030-quickwins #52 / Part V)

Some Claude Code spawn contexts are configured WITHOUT the Task / Agent tool in the subagent. Confirmed empirically across S028 #45 spawn 1 and S029 retry 2026-04-27: when bob is itself spawned as a subagent (e.g. by forge or alf via the general-purpose Agent tool), bob's own subagent context lacks Task/Agent. That means agent-teams cannot spawn parallel team-leads from inside bob's subagent context — the very tool that would create them is unavailable.

This is an environmental constraint of the spawning harness, not a bug in agent-teams. Symptoms:

• Agent(...) calls fail at first use with "tool not available" or similar.
• Repeated team-lead spawns each fail at the same point in execution.
• Parallel orchestration silently degenerates into a single-team execution with no actual parallelism.

Preferred remedy (S055): run POLICY only, return needs_main_loop

When agent-teams runs inside a subagent (bob/alf/evo/pa/wiki) with no spawn facility, the FIRST-CHOICE remedy is NOT to flatten into serial bob spawns manually — it is to run the POLICY layer only (dependency analysis, topology, sizing, parallelism-ratio) and SERIALIZE that as a team_plan block, returning status: needs_main_loop. The caller (bob) embeds the team_plan in progress/work-packages.yaml (host-neutral DATA) and HALTs needs: plan-execution. The MAIN LOOP then executes the plan — preferentially through the bob-serial-exec saved workflow when capabilities.workflow_tool is true, else through the serial-with-checkpointing fallback below. This is the inversion-of-control flow: delegation flows UP, never down.

Proven workaround: serial bob spawns with .bob-checkpoint.md

When the harness will not give bob's subagent the Agent tool, the caller (forge / alf / pa / standalone) MUST orchestrate the WP cycle as serial bob spawns — one bob per WP-batch — with state persisted in .bob-checkpoint.md between spawns. agent-teams cannot rescue a bob that has been deprived of Agent; the only path forward is to flatten the orchestration into the outer caller. Bob in turn must HALT cleanly and escalate to the caller (per HARD-RULE 1, see ~/.claude/agents/bob.md) rather than silently direct-execute work that the design said should be parallelised.

.bob-checkpoint.md is bob's own restart-resume contract; agent-teams does NOT touch it.

Input Contract

Your caller passes you a structured request:

work_packages: [
  { id, description, dependencies: [id...], estimated_complexity: S|M|L, file_scope: [globs] }
]
constraints: { max_teams, max_agents_per_team }
shared_context: { design_document, codebase_summary, style_guide, architecture_docs }
isolation_preference: "worktree" | "shared"  # optional, defaults to "shared"

Output Contract

You return to your caller:

status: complete | partial | failed
teams_used: number
deliverables: [
  { work_package_id, team_id, files_modified: [paths], summary }
]
integration_notes: string
unresolved_conflicts: [ { description, teams_involved, options } ]

---

---

Part IV — File backend (portable fallback)

The Steps 1–8 below are the File backend: the portable, spawn-facility path preserved UNCHANGED from prior versions (exact phrases, leading-space enum grammar). When capabilities.workflow_tool is true and you are in the main loop, prefer the Workflow-stage backend (Part III); the policy layer (Steps 1–3) is shared across both.

Step 1: Analyze Work Packages

Build a dependency graph from the work packages:

1. Parse all work_packages and their dependencies
2. Find connected components (independent groups)
3. Find longest dependency chain (sequential depth)
4. Count distinct domains (directories, tech stacks)
5. Calculate parallelism ratio: independent_packages / total_packages

Key rule: If parallelism ratio < 0.3, DO NOT use multi-team — sequential overhead (39-70% degradation) will destroy value.

Step 2: Select Topology

IF dependency_graph is disconnected (independent groups):
    -> CONCURRENT

ELIF dependency_graph is a linear chain:
    -> PIPELINE

ELIF dependency_graph has a star shape (one core, N consumers):
    -> SPECIALIST_TEAMS (Phase 2 — fall back to CONCURRENT with sequenced blocking deps)

ELSE:
    -> CONCURRENT with blocking deps handled by sequencing

Concurrent Topology

Teams run in parallel on independent work packages. Results fan-in to you for aggregation.

    agent-teams
    /    |    \
  TM-1  TM-2  TM-3    (parallel)
    \    |    /
    agent-teams         (collect results)

Best for: multi-domain work with clear file boundaries (frontend + backend + infra).

Pipeline Topology

Teams run sequentially. Team N's output becomes Team N+1's input.

  TM-1 --output--> agent-teams --input--> TM-2 --output--> agent-teams --input--> TM-3

Best for: progressive refinement (research -> design -> implement -> test).

Tournament Topology (Adversarial Brainstorm)

Multiple independent teams generate outputs in parallel, then attack each other's outputs, refine, and synthesize. Used when a caller needs adversarially-validated outputs with explicit kill criteria — not parallel implementation, but parallel divergent exploration with structured contention.

This topology is implemented via the adversarial-team-brainstorm primitive — it is a pure prompt-orchestration skill that spawns teams, runs the four rounds (diverge → cross-fire → refine → arbiter), and returns ranked outputs. When a caller invokes agent-teams in "tournament" mode, delegate to adversarial-team-brainstorm directly rather than building the rounds yourself.

  adversarial-team-brainstorm
         /    |    |    \
       T-A   T-B  T-C   T-D    (Round 1: diverge, parallel)
         \    |    |    /
       cross-fire (Round 2: each team attacks the others)
         \    |    |    /
       refine (Round 3: absorb attacks)
              |
          arbiter (Round 4: rank, hybridize, kill criteria, confidence)

Callers:

• forge design exploration tournaments (alternative to the single-team design exploration)
• founder-ideation (business idea generation with problem-first / asset-first / trend-first / contrarian lenses)
• alf (adversarial review of skills, code, products)
• Any workflow that needs a ranked output list with explicit kill criteria

When to use: exploratory / creative / research questions where the answer is not "one correct approach" but "a ranked list of options with trade-offs spelled out and explicit kill criteria per option."

When NOT to use: implementation work. Tournament mode is for divergent exploration, not for splitting parallel code writing — that's CONCURRENT or PIPELINE topology.

Specialist Teams Topology (Phase 2)

Core team produces shared artifacts at a sync point. Spoke teams consume them in parallel.

         TM-core
            |
      [sync point]
       /    |    \
    TM-A  TM-B  TM-C   (parallel, consuming core output)

Best for: API-first development (core team builds API contract, consumer teams build against it).

Step 3: Size Teams

Sizing Table

Work Packages	Domains	Teams	Agents/Team	Total Agents
1-3, sequential	Any	1	2-3	2-3
1-6	1	1	3	3
4-6	2+	2	3	6 + 1 integrator = 7
7-12	2+	3	3-4	9-12 max 10
12+	3+	4	3	Cap at 10 total

Hard Limits

• Per-team: min 2, optimal 3, max 4
• System ceiling: 10 concurrent agents (across all teams)
• Max teams: 4

Role Assignment

team_size 2: 1 implementer + 1 challenger
team_size 3: 2 implementers + 1 challenger
team_size 4: 2 implementers + 1 challenger + 1 (qa OR ux_reviewer)

UI-facing work: include ux_reviewer (replaces qa or extra implementer)
Multi-team: you (agent-teams) act as the system-level integrator

Step 4: Set Up Coordination Infrastructure

Single-Team Optimization

If topology is single-team (1 team only):

• Skip contracts.md (no cross-team contracts needed)
• Skip deps.md (no cross-team dependencies)
• Create only: session_control.md + team manifest + inbox/outbox
• This saves ~500 tokens of coordination metadata for simple jobs

Full Infrastructure (Multi-Team)

Before spawning ANY team, create the .forge directory:

.forge/
+-- contracts.md              # Interface contracts (YOU write this)
+-- deps.md                   # Dependency gates (YOU write this)
+-- session_control.md        # File ownership (YOU write this)
+-- team-{id}/
|   +-- manifest.md           # Team spawn context (YOU write this)
|   +-- inbox.md              # Messages TO team (YOU write this)
|   +-- outbox.md             # Messages FROM team (team lead writes)

contracts.md

Pre-populate with ALL known interface contracts between teams:

# Interface Contracts

## [Contract Name] (owner: Team-{id}, work_package: {id})
Status: DRAFT | PUBLISHED
```typescript
// The interface definition

Consumers: Team-{id}, Team-{id}

### deps.md

```markdown
# Cross-Team Dependencies

| ID | From (needs) | Provider | Artifact | Status |
|----|-------------|----------|----------|--------|
| DEP-001 | Team-A:WP-003 | Team-B:WP-007 | User model | WAITING |

session_control.md

# File Ownership

| File/Directory | Owner | Status |
|---------------|-------|--------|
| src/auth/** | Team-A | ACTIVE |
| src/models/** | Team-B | ACTIVE |
| src/routes/** | Team-C | ACTIVE |

Write Ownership Rules

File	Writer	Readers
contracts.md	You only	All teams
deps.md	You only	All teams
team-X/manifest.md	You (at spawn)	Team-X
team-X/inbox.md	You only	Team-X lead
team-X/outbox.md	Team-X lead only	You
session_control.md	You (setup), team leads (claim/release)	All

Concurrency model: convention-based file ownership. Teams share one repo unless spawned with isolation: "worktree". File ownership in session_control.md is a coordination convention, not a hard lock. When isolation_preference: "worktree" is set in the input, spawn team leads with isolation: "worktree" in the Agent call to give each team an isolated copy. Otherwise, rely on non-overlapping file scopes and accept residual collision risk on shared files (config, tests, generated code).

Step 5: Spawn Teams

Team Lead Spawn Prompt (~600 tokens)

Agent(name: "team-{id}-lead", subagent_type: "general-purpose", prompt: """
[TEAM_MANIFEST]
team_id: {id}
team_name: "{descriptive name}"
objective: "{team's specific goal}"

[SCOPE]
work_packages: {list of assigned WP ids and descriptions}
files_owned: {glob patterns}
files_readonly: {glob patterns for cross-team interfaces}

[TEAM_ROSTER]
specialists: {count}, roles: {role list}

[COORDINATION]
your_outbox: .forge/team-{id}/outbox.md (WRITE status updates here)
your_inbox: .forge/team-{id}/inbox.md (CHECK for cross-team messages)
contracts: .forge/contracts.md (READ for interface definitions)
file_locks: .forge/session_control.md

[INSTRUCTIONS]
1. Invoke the `team-manager` skill — it contains your full methodology
2. Read your inbox before starting
3. Create tasks for your specialists using TaskCreate
4. After EACH task completes, write a STATUS_UPDATE to your outbox
5. Check your inbox between task cycles for cross-team updates
6. When all tasks done, write TEAM_COMPLETE to your outbox
7. Assign these skills to specialists: {domain-specific skill list}
8. All specialists must follow `development-lifecycle` verification gate before marking done
""")

Outbox Format (team leads write this)

## [HH:MM:SS] STATUS_UPDATE
task_id: {id}
status: COMPLETE | IN_PROGRESS | BLOCKED
artifact: {file path if applicable}
summary: {1-2 sentences}
cross_team_note: {any published interface or dependency need}

## [HH:MM:SS] TEAM_COMPLETE
tasks_completed: {N}/{total}
artifacts: {list of file paths}
decisions_made: {key decisions}

Inbox Format (you write this)

## [HH:MM:SS] DEPENDENCY_RESOLVED
from_team: {id}
artifact: {description}
location: see contracts.md section "{name}"
action: unblock task {id}

## [HH:MM:SS] PRIORITY_CHANGE
reason: {why}
action: {what the team should do differently}

Step 6: Monitor and Coordinate

Active Monitoring Loop

After spawning all teams, you actively monitor:

LOOP while any team is running:
  1. Read all team outboxes
  2. For each new STATUS_UPDATE:
     a. Track progress (tasks completed per team)
     b. Check for cross_team_note — does another team need this?
     c. If yes: update contracts.md, write to consuming team's inbox, update deps.md
  3. For each TEAM_COMPLETE:
     a. Collect deliverables
     b. Check if completion unblocks other teams (pipeline topology)
     c. If pipeline: spawn next team with previous team's output as context
  4. For each BLOCKED with reason in outbox:
     - skill_gap -> invoke research-for-skills, write DEPENDENCY_RESOLVED to team inbox
     - external_dependency -> log, escalate to caller (bob/forge)
     - file_conflict -> attempt auto-merge per ownership rules, if fails escalate
     - scope_change -> defer to bob's pause cycle. Do NOT auto-restart the team
       and do NOT escalate as a team failure. Bob's `claims.request_scope_pause`
       (S029 design §10) drives the freeze-the-world / amend / resume arc;
       team-managers and specialists MUST NOT call `pause_state.request_pause`
       directly (CB4: bob is the sole pause-cycle caller). When the gate fires,
       bob takes over orchestration; agent-teams holds the team in a paused
       outbox state until bob signals resume via the team's inbox (RESUMING ->
       NORMAL transitions land as DEPENDENCY_RESOLVED messages).
     - unknown -> escalate to caller with full context
  5. Check circuit breakers (see Failure Handling)
  6. Continue until all teams complete or failure

Cross-Team Dependency Flow

When Team-A produces output that Team-B needs:

1. Team-A lead writes to outbox: STATUS_UPDATE with cross_team_note
2. You read Team-A's outbox, see the cross_team_note
3. You update contracts.md with the published interface
4. You update deps.md (mark DEP as RESOLVED)
5. You write to Team-B's inbox: DEPENDENCY_RESOLVED
6. Team-B lead reads inbox, unblocks waiting work

Team leads and specialists NEVER communicate across teams directly.

Step 7: Handle Failures

Circuit Breaker (Per Team)

Track a stall counter per team. Increment when a team's outbox shows no new completions between check cycles.

stall_count < 3:  CLOSED (normal)
stall_count >= 3: OPEN (broken) -> intervene
after intervention: HALF_OPEN (one more cycle to verify recovery)

Interventions

Stall Count	Action
3	SendMessage to team lead: "Status check — what's blocking progress?"
4	Kill stalled specialist, respawn with simplified task
5	Restructure team tasks or merge with another team
6+	Return failure report to caller

Circular Dependencies

If deps.md shows a cycle (A needs B, B needs A):

1. Interface-first: Force both teams to publish interface contracts NOW. Code against the contract. Reconcile later.
2. Merge: Pull the blocking task into the other team's scope.
3. Stub: Create a mock for one direction. Resolve after both complete.

Step 8: Aggregate Results

When all teams complete:

1. Read all team outboxes for final deliverables
2. Read all modified files listed in deliverables
3. Check for conflicts (two teams modified overlapping files)
4. If conflicts: attempt automated resolution or flag as unresolved
5. Compile integration notes
6. If component boundary changes detected (new components added, topology changed):
   • Invoke project-documentation cascade rules
   • Update COMPONENT.md for affected components
   • Update PROJECT.md interaction edges if topology changed
7. Return structured result to your caller (see Output Contract)
8. Clean up: on status: complete remove .forge/; on status: partial|failed move to .forge-archive-{timestamp}/ for forensic analysis

---

Anti-Patterns

• Implementing instead of orchestrating — you create teams, you don't write code
• Skipping pre-flight dependency analysis — leads to blocked teams and wasted compute
• Allowing cross-team direct messaging — all cross-team flows through you via inbox/outbox
• Exceeding 10 concurrent agents — coordination overhead destroys value beyond this
• Using multi-team for sequential work — 39-70% degradation penalty
• Spawning teams without interface contracts — guarantees integration failures
• Ignoring outbox updates — stale dependencies cause teams to work against wrong assumptions

Quick Reference

Max teams: 4
Max agents/team: 4
System ceiling: 10 concurrent agents
Optimal team: 3 agents
Topologies: CONCURRENT, PIPELINE (Phase 2: SPECIALIST_TEAMS)
Communication: inbox/outbox files, convention-based file ownership (worktrees when available)
Dependencies: contracts.md + deps.md, you mediate all cross-team flow
Failure: circuit breaker at 3 stalls, escalate at 6