---

name: deploy-searxng locale: wenyan-lite source_locale: en source_commit: 82c77053 fence_basis_commit: 82c77053 translator: "Julius Brussee homage — caveman" translation_date: "2026-04-19" description: > Deploy a self-hosted SearXNG meta search engine via Docker Compose. Covers settings.yml configuration, engine selection, result proxying, Nginx frontend, persistence, and updates. Use when setting up a private search engine without tracking, aggregating results from multiple providers, running a shared search instance for a team or organisation, or replacing reliance on a single search provider. license: MIT allowed-tools: Read Write Edit Bash Grep Glob metadata: author: Philipp Thoss version: "1.0" domain: containerization complexity: intermediate language: Docker tags: searxng, self-hosted, search-engine, privacy, docker-compose, meta-search

Deploy SearXNG

以 Docker Compose 與 Nginx 部署自託管 SearXNG 元搜尋引擎。

適用時機

• 建私人、自託管之搜尋引擎
• 聚合多搜尋提供者之結果而不追蹤
• 為團隊或組織運行搜尋實例
• 取代對單一搜尋提供者之依賴

輸入

• 必需：已裝 Docker 之伺服器或機器
• 可選：供公開訪問之網域名
• 可選：SSL 憑證或 Let's Encrypt 設定
• 可選：自定之引擎偏好

步驟

步驟一：建專案結構

mkdir -p searxng/{config,nginx}
cd searxng

步驟二：寫 Docker Compose 檔

docker-compose.yml：

services:
  searxng:
    image: searxng/searxng:latest
    container_name: searxng
    volumes:
      - ./config:/etc/searxng:rw
    environment:
      - SEARXNG_BASE_URL=https://search.example.com/
    cap_drop:
      - ALL
    cap_add:
      - CHOWN
      - SETGID
      - SETUID
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      - searxng

  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.27-alpine
    container_name: searxng-nginx
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
    depends_on:
      - searxng
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      - searxng

networks:
  searxng:
    driver: bridge

步驟三：配 SearXNG 設定

config/settings.yml：

use_default_settings: true

general:
  instance_name: "My SearXNG"
  privacypolicy_url: false
  contact_url: false

search:
  safe_search: 0
  autocomplete: "google"
  default_lang: "en"

server:
  secret_key: "generate-a-random-secret-key-here"
  limiter: true
  image_proxy: true
  port: 8080
  bind_address: "0.0.0.0"

ui:
  static_use_hash: true
  default_theme: simple
  infinite_scroll: true

engines:
  - name: google
    engine: google
    shortcut: g
    disabled: false

  - name: duckduckgo
    engine: duckduckgo
    shortcut: ddg
    disabled: false

  - name: wikipedia
    engine: wikipedia
    shortcut: wp
    disabled: false

  - name: github
    engine: github
    shortcut: gh
    disabled: false

  - name: stackoverflow
    engine: stackoverflow
    shortcut: so
    disabled: false

  - name: arxiv
    engine: arxiv
    shortcut: arx
    disabled: false

生密鑰：

openssl rand -hex 32

步驟四：配 Nginx 前端

nginx/nginx.conf：

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    server {
        listen 80;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://searxng:8080;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
            proxy_set_header Connection "";
            proxy_buffering off;
        }

        location /static/ {
            proxy_pass http://searxng:8080/static/;
            expires 1y;
            add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
        }
    }
}

步驟五：配速率限制

config/limiter.toml：

[botdetection.ip_limit]
link_token = true

[botdetection.ip_lists]
block_ip = []
pass_ip = ["127.0.0.1/8", "::1/128"]
pass_searxng_org = false

步驟六：部署並驗證

# Start the stack
docker compose up -d

# Check logs
docker compose logs -f searxng

# Verify it's running
curl -s http://localhost:8080 | head -5

# Test a search
curl -s "http://localhost:8080/search?q=test&format=json" | head -20

預期： SearXNG 透過 Nginx 於 8080 埠回應。搜尋查詢返回聚合結果。

失敗時： 查 docker compose logs searxng 有無配置錯誤。驗 settings.yml YAML 語法。

步驟七：加 SSL（生產）

公開部署宜加 SSL 終止。更 docker-compose.yml：

services:
  nginx:
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/nginx-ssl.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
      - certbot-certs:/etc/letsencrypt:ro
      - certbot-webroot:/var/www/certbot:ro

  certbot:
    image: certbot/certbot
    volumes:
      - certbot-certs:/etc/letsencrypt
      - certbot-webroot:/var/www/certbot

volumes:
  certbot-certs:
  certbot-webroot:

完整 SSL Nginx 配置，見 configure-nginx 技能。

步驟八：更新與維護

# Pull latest image
docker compose pull searxng

# Restart with new image
docker compose up -d

# Backup configuration
cp -r config/ config-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d)/

驗證

• SearXNG 啟動，日誌無誤
• 搜尋查詢返回已配引擎之結果
• 圖片代理運作（圖片透過 SearXNG 載入）
• 速率限制器阻過量請求
• 配置於容器重啟後仍存
• Nginx 正確代理請求

常見陷阱

• 缺 secret_key：SearXNG 若無 settings.yml 中之 secret_key 則拒啟動。
• 配置權限：SearXNG 寫入配置目錄。卷宗須為 :rw 非 :ro。
• 引擎封鎖：某些引擎可能阻伺服器 IP 之請求。輪換引擎或用圖片代理。
• YAML 縮排：settings.yml 對縮排敏感。部署前以 YAML 檢查器驗之。
• 基礎 URL 不符：SEARXNG_BASE_URL 須合用戶實際訪問之 URL，含協定與末尾斜線。
• Docker 內 DNS 解析：用 Google/Bing 之引擎可能需主機網路或合適之 DNS。預設 Docker DNS 通常可。

相關技能

• setup-compose-stack - 此處所用之一般 Docker Compose 模式
• configure-nginx - SSL 與安全標頭之 Nginx 配置
• configure-reverse-proxy - Nginx 前端之高級代理模式