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Design et création · SKILL.md

design-shiny-ui

design-shiny-ui

Design Shiny application UIs using bslib for theming, layout_columns for responsive grids, value boxes, cards, and custom CSS/SCSS. Covers page layouts, accessibility, and brand consistency. Use when building a new Shiny app UI from scratch, modernizing an existing app from fluidPage to bslib, applying brand theming, making a Shiny app responsive across scr…

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GitHub

name: design-shiny-ui locale: wenyan source_locale: en source_commit: 82c77053 fence_basis_commit: 82c77053 translator: "Julius Brussee homage — caveman" translation_date: "2026-04-24" description: > Design Shiny application UIs using bslib for theming, layout_columns for responsive grids, value boxes, cards, and custom CSS/SCSS. Covers page layouts, accessibility, and brand consistency. Use when building a new Shiny app UI from scratch, modernizing an existing app from fluidPage to bslib, applying brand theming, making a Shiny app responsive across screen sizes, or improving accessibility of a Shiny application. license: MIT allowed-tools: Read Write Edit Bash Grep Glob metadata: author: Philipp Thoss version: "1.0" domain: shiny complexity: intermediate language: R tags: shiny, bslib, ui, theming, layout, css, accessibility, responsive

Shiny UI 之設

用 bslib 主題化、現代化佈局原語、自定義 CSS,設響應且可及之 Shiny 應用界面。

用時

  • 自始構 Shiny 應用 UI
  • 將既有 Shiny 應用由 fluidPage 現代化為 bslib
  • 應用品牌主題(色、字)於 Shiny 應用
  • 使 Shiny 應用於諸屏尺寸下響應
  • 改 Shiny 應用之可及性

入

  • 必要:應用之用與目標受眾
  • 必要:佈局類型(sidebar、navbar、fillable、dashboard)
  • 可選:品牌色與字
  • 可選:是否用自定義 CSS/SCSS(默認:僅 bslib)
  • 可選:可及性之要(WCAG 等級)

法

第一步:擇頁面佈局

bslib 提諸頁構造器:

# Sidebar layout — most common for data apps
ui <- page_sidebar(
  title = "My App",
  sidebar = sidebar("Controls here"),
  "Main content here"
)

# Navbar layout — for multi-page apps
ui <- page_navbar(
  title = "My App",
  nav_panel("Tab 1", "Content 1"),
  nav_panel("Tab 2", "Content 2"),
  nav_spacer(),
  nav_item(actionButton("help", "Help"))
)

# Fillable layout — content fills available space
ui <- page_fillable(
  card(
    full_screen = TRUE,
    plotOutput("plot")
  )
)

# Dashboard layout — grid of value boxes and cards
ui <- page_sidebar(
  title = "Dashboard",
  sidebar = sidebar(open = "closed", "Filters"),
  layout_columns(
    fill = FALSE,
    value_box("Revenue", "$1.2M", theme = "primary"),
    value_box("Users", "4,521", theme = "success"),
    value_box("Uptime", "99.9%", theme = "info")
  ),
  layout_columns(
    card(plotOutput("chart1")),
    card(plotOutput("chart2"))
  )
)

得: 頁面佈局合應用之導航與內容之需。

敗則: 佈局不如所願則察用 page_sidebar()/page_navbar()(bslib)而非 fluidPage()/navbarPage()(base shiny)。bslib 版本有更佳默認與主題支持。

第二步:設 bslib 主題

my_theme <- bslib::bs_theme(
  version = 5,                      # Bootstrap 5
  bootswatch = "flatly",            # Optional preset theme
  bg = "#ffffff",                   # Background color
  fg = "#2c3e50",                   # Foreground (text) color
  primary = "#2c3e50",              # Primary brand color
  secondary = "#95a5a6",            # Secondary color
  success = "#18bc9c",
  info = "#3498db",
  warning = "#f39c12",
  danger = "#e74c3c",
  base_font = bslib::font_google("Source Sans Pro"),
  heading_font = bslib::font_google("Source Sans Pro", wght = 600),
  code_font = bslib::font_google("Fira Code"),
  "navbar-bg" = "#2c3e50"
)

ui <- page_sidebar(
  theme = my_theme,
  title = "Themed App",
  # ...
)

開發時用交互主題編輯器:

bslib::bs_theme_preview(my_theme)

得: 應用以一致之品牌色、字、Bootstrap 5 組件渲染。

敗則: 字不載則察互聯網(Google Fonts 需之)或改用系統字:font_collection("system-ui", "-apple-system", "Segoe UI")。主題變量不應用則察是否傳 theme 予頁函數。

第三步:以卡片與列建佈局

ui <- page_sidebar(
  theme = my_theme,
  title = "Analysis Dashboard",
  sidebar = sidebar(
    width = 300,
    title = "Filters",
    selectInput("dataset", "Dataset", choices = c("iris", "mtcars")),
    sliderInput("sample", "Sample %", 10, 100, 100, step = 10),
    hr(),
    actionButton("refresh", "Refresh", class = "btn-primary w-100")
  ),

  # KPI row — non-filling
  layout_columns(
    fill = FALSE,
    col_widths = c(4, 4, 4),
    value_box(
      title = "Observations",
      value = textOutput("n_obs"),
      showcase = bsicons::bs_icon("table"),
      theme = "primary"
    ),
    value_box(
      title = "Variables",
      value = textOutput("n_vars"),
      showcase = bsicons::bs_icon("columns-gap"),
      theme = "info"
    ),
    value_box(
      title = "Missing",
      value = textOutput("n_missing"),
      showcase = bsicons::bs_icon("exclamation-triangle"),
      theme = "warning"
    )
  ),

  # Main content row
  layout_columns(
    col_widths = c(8, 4),
    card(
      card_header("Distribution"),
      full_screen = TRUE,
      plotOutput("main_plot")
    ),
    card(
      card_header("Summary"),
      tableOutput("summary_table")
    )
  )
)

要原語:

  • layout_columns() — 響應式網格,配 col_widths
  • card() — 內容容器,可選 header/footer
  • value_box() — KPI 顯示,帶圖示與主題
  • layout_sidebar() — 卡片內嵌側欄
  • navset_card_tab() — 選項卡式卡片

得: 響應式網格佈局,能隨屏尺寸而變。

敗則: 寬屏上列意外堆疊則察 col_widths 之和等於 12(Bootstrap 網格)。卡片相疊則確保非填充行 fill = FALSE。

第四步:加動態 UI 元素

server <- function(input, output, session) {
  output$dynamic_filters <- renderUI({
    data <- current_data()
    tagList(
      selectInput("col", "Column", choices = names(data)),
      if (is.numeric(data[[input$col]])) {
        sliderInput("range", "Range",
          min = min(data[[input$col]], na.rm = TRUE),
          max = max(data[[input$col]], na.rm = TRUE),
          value = range(data[[input$col]], na.rm = TRUE)
        )
      } else {
        selectInput("values", "Values",
          choices = unique(data[[input$col]]),
          multiple = TRUE
        )
      }
    )
  })

  # Conditional panels (no server round-trip)
  # In UI:
  # conditionalPanel(
  #   condition = "input.show_advanced == true",
  #   numericInput("alpha", "Alpha", 0.05)
  # )
}

得: UI 元素隨用者所擇與資料而動態更新。

敗則: 動態 UI 閃爍則盡用 conditionalPanel()(基於 CSS)代 renderUI()。動態輸入重渲染時失值則加 session$sendInputMessage() 以復其狀。

第五步:加自定義 CSS/SCSS(可選)

欲越 bslib 主題變量之樣式:

# Inline CSS
ui <- page_sidebar(
  theme = my_theme,
  tags$head(tags$style(HTML("
    .sidebar { border-right: 2px solid var(--bs-primary); }
    .card-header { font-weight: 600; }
    .value-box .value { font-size: 2.5rem; }
  "))),
  # ...
)

# External CSS file (place in www/ directory)
ui <- page_sidebar(
  theme = my_theme,
  tags$head(tags$link(rel = "stylesheet", href = "custom.css")),
  # ...
)

SCSS 與 bslib 整合:

my_theme <- bslib::bs_theme(version = 5) |>
  bslib::bs_add_rules(sass::sass_file("www/custom.scss"))

得: 自定義樣式已施,未破 bslib 主題。

敗則: 自定義 CSS 與 bslib 衝突則用 Bootstrap CSS 變量(var(--bs-primary))代硬編碼色。如此主題變更可傳至自定義樣式。

第六步:確保可及性

# Add ARIA labels to inputs
selectInput("category", "Category",
  choices = c("A", "B", "C")
) |> tagAppendAttributes(`aria-describedby` = "category-help")

# Add alt text to plots
output$plot <- renderPlot({
  plot(data(), main = "Distribution of Values")
}, alt = "Histogram showing the distribution of selected values")

# Ensure sufficient color contrast in theme
my_theme <- bslib::bs_theme(
  version = 5,
  bg = "#ffffff",      # White background
  fg = "#212529"       # Dark text — 15.4:1 contrast ratio
)

# Use semantic HTML
tags$main(
  role = "main",
  tags$h1("Dashboard"),
  tags$section(
    `aria-label` = "Key Performance Indicators",
    layout_columns(
      # value boxes...
    )
  )
)

得: 應用合 WCAG 2.1 AA 之色差、鍵盤導航、屏讀相容。

敗則: 以瀏覽器開發工具之可及性審計(Lighthouse)測。以 WebAIM 對比檢查器察色差比。確保諸交互元素可由鍵盤聚焦。

驗

  • 頁面佈局於桌面與移動寬度下皆正渲染
  • bslib 主題一致施於諸組件
  • 值框以正確之主題與圖示顯示
  • 卡片於響應式網格中正確縮放
  • 自定義 CSS 用 Bootstrap 變量,非硬編碼
  • 諸圖皆有屏讀者所用之替代文本
  • 色對比合 WCAG AA(文本 4.5:1)
  • 交互元素可由鍵盤訪問

陷

  • 新舊 Shiny UI 相混:勿將 fluidPage() 與 bslib 組件相混。專用 page_sidebar()、page_navbar() 或 page_fillable()
  • CSS 中硬編碼色:用 var(--bs-primary) 代 #2c3e50。硬編碼色於主題變更時破
  • 非填充行缺 fill = FALSE:值框行與摘要行常不宜填滿可用空間。設 fill = FALSE
  • 離線環境用 Google Fonts:應用部署於隔離網絡則用系統字或自托管字文件代 font_google()
  • 略移動:以瀏覽器響應模式測。layout_columns 於窄屏自動堆疊,然自定義 CSS 或不能

參

  • scaffold-shiny-app — 初始應用搭建含主題設置
  • build-shiny-module — 建模塊化 UI 組件
  • optimize-shiny-performance — 注重性能之渲染
  • review-web-design — 佈局、字體、色彩之視覺設計評議
  • review-ux-ui — 可用性與可及性評議
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