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build-shiny-moduleBuild reusable Shiny modules with proper namespace isolation using NS(). Covers module UI/server pairs, reactive return values, inter-module communication, and nested module composition. Use when extracting a reusable component from a growing Shiny app, building a UI widget used in multiple places, encapsulating complex reactive logic behind a clean interfa…
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創具正命名空間隔離、反應式溝通、可組合之可復用 Shiny UI/server 模組對。
書代碼前,定模組所受所返:
Module: data_filter
Inputs: reactive dataset, column names to filter on
Outputs: reactive filtered dataset
UI: filter controls (selectInput, sliderInput, dateRangeInput)
預期: 明之合同,指定反應輸入、反應輸出、UI 元素。
失敗時: 若介面不明,模組恐過廣。分為單責之小模組。
#' Data Filter Module UI
#'
#' @param id Module namespace ID
#' @return A tagList of filter controls
#' @export
dataFilterUI <- function(id) {
ns <- NS(id)
tagList(
selectInput(
ns("column"),
"Filter column",
choices = NULL
),
uiOutput(ns("filter_control")),
actionButton(ns("apply"), "Apply Filter", class = "btn-primary")
)
}
要則:
<name>UI 約定idns <- NS(id)inputId 與 outputId 皆包於 ns()tagList() 以允彈性置預期: UI 函創命名空間之輸入/輸出元素。
失敗時: 若用模組二次時 ID 碰撞,查每 ID 皆包於 ns()。常漏:renderUI() 或 uiOutput() 內之 ID——此亦需 ns()。
#' Data Filter Module Server
#'
#' @param id Module namespace ID
#' @param data Reactive expression returning a data frame
#' @param columns Character vector of filterable column names
#' @return Reactive expression returning the filtered data frame
#' @export
dataFilterServer <- function(id, data, columns) {
moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
ns <- session$ns
# Update column choices when data changes
observeEvent(data(), {
available <- intersect(columns, names(data()))
updateSelectInput(session, "column", choices = available)
})
# Dynamic filter control based on selected column
output$filter_control <- renderUI({
req(input$column)
col_data <- data()[[input$column]]
if (is.numeric(col_data)) {
sliderInput(
ns("value_range"),
"Range",
min = min(col_data, na.rm = TRUE),
max = max(col_data, na.rm = TRUE),
value = range(col_data, na.rm = TRUE)
)
} else {
selectInput(
ns("value_select"),
"Values",
choices = unique(col_data),
multiple = TRUE,
selected = unique(col_data)
)
}
})
# Return filtered data as a reactive
filtered <- eventReactive(input$apply, {
req(input$column)
col <- input$column
df <- data()
if (is.numeric(df[[col]])) {
req(input$value_range)
df[df[[col]] >= input$value_range[1] &
df[[col]] <= input$value_range[2], ]
} else {
req(input$value_select)
df[df[[col]] %in% input$value_select, ]
}
}, ignoreNULL = FALSE)
return(filtered)
})
}
要則:
<name>Server 約定idmoduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) { ... })session$ns預期: 伺服器函處輸入、返反應輸出。
失敗時: 若反應值不更,查動態 UI 之輸入用 session$ns(非外之 ns)。若模組返 NULL,確 return() 為 moduleServer() 內末表達。
# In app_ui.R or ui
ui <- page_sidebar(
title = "Analysis App",
sidebar = sidebar(
dataFilterUI("filter1")
),
card(
DT::dataTableOutput("table")
)
)
# In app_server.R or server
server <- function(input, output, session) {
# Raw data source
raw_data <- reactive({ mtcars })
# Call module — capture its return value
filtered_data <- dataFilterServer(
"filter1",
data = raw_data,
columns = c("cyl", "mpg", "hp", "wt")
)
# Use the module's returned reactive
output$table <- DT::renderDataTable({
filtered_data()
})
}
預期: 模組於 UI 顯,其所返反應流至下游輸出。
失敗時: 若模組 UI 不渲,驗 UI 與伺服器呼間 id 字串相符。若所返反應為 NULL,查伺服器函實返值。
含他模組之模組:
analysisUI <- function(id) {
ns <- NS(id)
tagList(
dataFilterUI(ns("filter")),
plotOutput(ns("plot"))
)
}
analysisServer <- function(id, data) {
moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
# Call inner module with namespaced ID
filtered <- dataFilterServer("filter", data = data, columns = names(data()))
output$plot <- renderPlot({
req(filtered())
plot(filtered())
})
return(filtered)
})
}
要則:UI 中以 ns("inner_id") 嵌。伺服器中僅以 "inner_id" 呼——moduleServer 處命名空間之鏈。
預期: 內模組於外模組之命名空間中正渲。
失敗時: 若內模組 UI 不現,恐忘於外 UI 函中以 ns() 包內模組 ID。若伺服器溝通斷,查內模組 ID 相符(伺服器呼中無 ns())。
# Quick test app for the module
if (interactive()) {
shiny::shinyApp(
ui = fluidPage(
dataFilterUI("test"),
DT::dataTableOutput("result")
),
server = function(input, output, session) {
data <- reactive(iris)
filtered <- dataFilterServer("test", data, names(iris))
output$result <- DT::renderDataTable(filtered())
}
)
}
預期: 模組於最小測應用中正工。
失敗時: 若模組於隔離敗而於全應用工(或反),查對全域變或父會話狀態之隱依。
id 為首參且用 NS(id)ns()moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) { ... })session$nsrenderUI() 中忘 ns():伺服器內創之動態 UI 須用 session$ns——外之 ns 於 moduleServer() 內不可得reactive(data) 非 dataid 字串須與伺服器呼中之 id 完相符return() 一反應。忘此為默錯ns("inner_id")。伺服器:僅 "inner_id"。混致雙包或漏前綴scaffold-shiny-app — 加模組前立應用結構test-shiny-app — 以 testServer() 單元測測模組design-shiny-ui — 模組 UI 之 bslib 版型與主題optimize-shiny-performance — 模組內之快取與 async 模式