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name: restud-literature-positioning description: Use when positioning a The Review of Economic Studies (REStud) manuscript against the closest related work — confronting the nearest papers and stating the marginal contribution precisely. Sharpens positioning; does not write the full introduction or run empirics.

REStud Literature Positioning (restud-literature-positioning)

When to trigger

• The related-work discussion is a list of citations rather than an argument
• The user cannot name the single closest paper and what theirs adds
• A referee or seminar comment was "how is this different from [X]?"
• The contribution is original (per restud-topic-selection) but its location in the literature is unclear

What REStud positioning must do

REStud is general-interest and weights theory and applied work equally, so the positioning has two jobs at once:

1. Confront the closest papers honestly. Name the 3–5 nearest results and state precisely what each one already established and what it could not.
2. Make the marginal contribution legible to a non-specialist on either side. Because the handling editor and referees may sit on the theory or the applied side (the Joint Managing Editors span IO/applied econometrics, micro theory, and information economics), an applied paper should be legible to a theorist and a theory paper to an applied reader. Models that defined whole literatures appeared here first — Mirrlees (1971) on optimal taxation, Stiglitz (1974) on sharecropping incentives — so the register is "this changes how the field models X," not "this adds new data to X."

A REStud-quality positioning paragraph is an argument, not a literature dump: "Paper A established X but assumed Y; paper B relaxed Y but only for setting Z; we do W, which neither could, because [our model / design / data]."

Building the positioning

Step 1 — The nearest-neighbor map

List the closest papers in two rings:

• Inner ring (3–5): papers a referee will say you must beat or extend. For each: what it shows, its key assumption or limitation, and the one sentence distinguishing yours.
• Outer ring: the broader literatures the result speaks to (this is where general interest is demonstrated). Two to three strands, each with a canonical anchor citation.

Step 2 — The "why now / why not before" clause

State why the contribution was not made earlier: a method that did not exist, data that was not available, a model that was not tractable, or a fact no one had documented. This is the spine of an original-contribution claim.

Step 3 — Confront, do not bury

Cite the closest competitor in the introduction, in the main text, not in a footnote. Referees who suspect you are hiding the nearest paper turn hostile.

Step 4 — Canonical anchors

REStud referees expect the foundational theory or methods references to be present (e.g., the seminal model your framework extends, or the identification-method papers your design relies on). Missing the obvious canonical citation reads as not knowing the field.

Checklist

• Inner-ring papers (3–5) named, each with "what it could not do"
• One-sentence distinguisher for each inner-ring paper
• Outer-ring strands identified (demonstrating general interest)
• "Why now / why not before" clause written
• Closest competitor cited in the introduction, not a footnote
• Canonical theory / method anchors present
• Positioning is an argument, not a list

Anti-patterns

• A "related literature" paragraph that is a string of "(Author, Year; Author, Year)" with no argument
• Hiding the single closest paper to inflate apparent novelty — referees find it and it costs credibility
• Over-claiming ("the first paper to ...") when an honest reader can name a precedent
• Positioning only within the narrow subfield, so the general-interest claim is unsupported
• Citing your own working papers as the main precedent while ignoring the field's anchor results

Output format

【MARGINAL CONTRIBUTION】<one sentence, relative to the literature>
【INNER RING】[paper — what it could not do — your distinguisher] x3-5
【OUTER RING STRANDS】<2-3 literatures + anchor cites>
【WHY-NOT-BEFORE CLAUSE】<one sentence>
【CANONICAL ANCHORS PRESENT】yes / missing: [...]
【NEXT SKILL】restud-identification (empirical) | restud-theory-model (theory)