---

name: nvidia-megatron-bridge-multi-node-slurm description: Convert single-node scripts to multi-node Slurm sbatch jobs and debug common multi-node failures. Covers srun-native vs uv run torch.distributed approaches, container setup, NCCL timeouts, OOM sizing for MoE models, and interactive allocation. license: Apache-2.0 AND CC-BY-4.0 metadata: when_to_use: Writing or converting Slurm sbatch scripts, scaling to multiple nodes, debugging NCCL/launch failures, or investigating a commit that caused multi-node training failures; 'run on multiple nodes', 'sbatch script', 'NCCL timeout', 'multi-node OOM'. author: NVIDIA

Multi-Node Slurm

Convert single-node uv run python -m torch.distributed.run commands into multi-node Slurm sbatch scripts with Enroot container support, and debug common multi-node failures.

Two Approaches: srun-native vs uv run torch.distributed

Approach	ntasks-per-node	Process spawning	Best for
srun-native (preferred)	8	Slurm spawns 8 tasks/node	Conversion, inference, Bridge scripts
uv run torch.distributed (legacy)	1	uv run python -m torch.distributed.run spawns 8 procs/node	MLM pretrain_gpt.py

Prefer srun-native — simpler, avoids shell escaping issues with TRAIN_CMD. Megatron Bridge auto-derives RANK, WORLD_SIZE, LOCAL_RANK, MASTER_ADDR, MASTER_PORT from SLURM env vars (SLURM_PROCID, SLURM_NTASKS, SLURM_LOCALID, SLURM_NODELIST) via common_utils.py helpers called during initialize.py distributed init, so you never need to set them manually.

Cluster Environment

Container

CONTAINER_IMAGE="<PATH_TO_YOUR_CONTAINER>.sqsh"
CONTAINER_MOUNTS="<SHARED_FS>:<SHARED_FS>,<PATH_TO_MEGATRON_BRIDGE>:/opt/Megatron-Bridge,<PATH_TO_DATA>:/opt/data"

Standard Paths

WORKDIR="/opt/Megatron-Bridge"
DATA_PATH="<PATH_TO_PREPROCESSED_DATA>/dclm_01_01_text_document"

Tokens / Caches

export GH_TOKEN=<YOUR_GITHUB_TOKEN>
export HF_TOKEN=<YOUR_HF_TOKEN>
export HF_HOME=<SHARED_FS>/HF_HOME
export UV_CACHE_DIR="<SHARED_FS>/uv_cache"
export NEMO_HOME="<SHARED_FS>/cache/nemo"

Important: NEMO_HOME must point to a shared filesystem (e.g. Lustre) for multi-node SFT/PEFT jobs. The default (/root/.cache/nemo) is container-local and not shared across nodes. Without this, packed-sequence data files prepared on node 0 are invisible to other nodes, causing TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not an iterator.

Log Directory

<SHARED_FS>/logs/<job_name>_<suffix>

srun-native Approach (Preferred)

Slurm spawns all processes directly. No torch.distributed.run, no TRAIN_CMD escaping.

SBATCH Headers

#SBATCH --job-name=<model>-<task>
#SBATCH --nodes=<NNODES>
#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=8          # Slurm spawns 8 tasks per node
#SBATCH --gpus-per-node=8
#SBATCH --time=00:30:00
#SBATCH --account=<YOUR_ACCOUNT>
#SBATCH --partition=batch
#SBATCH --output=<SHARED_FS>/logs/<job_name>_%j.log
#SBATCH --exclusive

Build and Launch

Two-phase srun: first a single-process srun to populate the uv cache, then the full multi-node srun.

# Env exports at sbatch level (before srun)
export TORCH_NCCL_AVOID_RECORD_STREAMS=1
export NCCL_NVLS_ENABLE=0

# Phase 1: Single-process uv sync to build/populate the shared cache
srun --mpi=pmix -N 1 --ntasks=1 \
  --container-image="$CONTAINER_IMAGE" \
  --container-mounts="$CONTAINER_MOUNTS" \
  --no-container-mount-home \
  bash -c "cd $WORKDIR && uv sync"

# Phase 2: Full multi-node run (uv sync is a fast no-op since cache is warm)
srun --mpi=pmix \
  --container-image="$CONTAINER_IMAGE" \
  --container-mounts="$CONTAINER_MOUNTS" \
  --no-container-mount-home \
  bash -c "cd $WORKDIR && uv sync && uv run --no-sync python <script.py> <args>"

srun-native Key Points

• Phase 1 runs uv sync once on a single node/process, building all wheels into the shared cache on Lustre
• Phase 2's uv sync is a fast no-op (everything is cached) — safe to run on all ranks without sleep guards
• initialize.py + common_utils.py auto-set RANK, WORLD_SIZE, LOCAL_RANK, MASTER_ADDR, MASTER_PORT from SLURM env vars
• Env vars like HF_TOKEN, HF_HOME, UV_CACHE_DIR exported at sbatch level are inherited by srun tasks
• Reference: examples/models/glm/glm_45v/slurm_sft.sh, examples/models/minimax/minimax_m2/slurm_conversion.sh

---

uv run torch.distributed Approach (Legacy)

Use when the script requires torch.distributed.run (e.g., MLM pretrain_gpt.py) or when Bridge's initialize.py is not in the call path.

1. Add SBATCH Headers

#SBATCH --job-name=<model>-<framework>
#SBATCH --nodes=<NNODES>
#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=1          # ALWAYS 1 — torchrun handles per-node spawning
#SBATCH --gpus-per-node=8
#SBATCH --time=00:30:00
#SBATCH --account=<YOUR_ACCOUNT>
#SBATCH --partition=batch
#SBATCH --output=<SHARED_FS>/logs/<job_name>_%j.log
#SBATCH --exclusive

Critical: --ntasks-per-node=1, NOT 8. uv run python -m torch.distributed.run --nproc_per_node=8 spawns 8 processes per node. Using ntasks-per-node=8 causes EADDRINUSE port collisions (8 tasks x 8 procs = 64 per node).

2. Convert to Multi-Node

Replace single-node:

uv run python -m torch.distributed.run --nproc_per_node=8 \
  <script> <args>

With multi-node (inside TRAIN_CMD string):

uv run python -m torch.distributed.run \
  --nproc_per_node=8 \
  --nnodes=\${SLURM_JOB_NUM_NODES} \
  --node_rank=\${SLURM_NODEID} \
  <script> <args>

MASTER_ADDR and MASTER_PORT are auto-derived from SLURM env vars by initialize.py / common_utils.py — no need to set them.

3. Wrap in TRAIN_CMD + two-phase srun

Use the same two-phase pattern: first a single-process srun to warm the uv cache, then the full run.

Environment exports go inside TRAIN_CMD (they must be set inside the container):

TRAIN_CMD="
export CUDA_DEVICE_MAX_CONNECTIONS=1 && \
export NVTE_ALLOW_NONDETERMINISTIC_ALGO=1 && \
export PYTORCH_CUDA_ALLOC_CONF=expandable_segments:True && \
export NCCL_NVLS_ENABLE=0 && \
export GH_TOKEN=$GH_TOKEN && \
export HF_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN && \
export HF_HOME=$HF_HOME && \
export UV_CACHE_DIR=$UV_CACHE_DIR && \
wandb login \$WANDB_API_KEY && \
mkdir -p $LOGDIR && \
cd $WORKDIR && \
uv sync && \
<training command here>
"

4. Launch (two-phase)

# Phase 1: Single-process uv sync to build/populate the shared cache
srun --mpi=pmix -N 1 --ntasks=1 \
  --container-image="$CONTAINER_IMAGE" \
  --container-mounts="$CONTAINER_MOUNTS" \
  --no-container-mount-home \
  bash -c "cd $WORKDIR && uv sync"

# Phase 2: Full multi-node run (uv sync in TRAIN_CMD is a fast no-op)
srun --mpi=pmix --no-kill \
  --container-image="$CONTAINER_IMAGE" \
  --container-mounts="$CONTAINER_MOUNTS" \
  --no-container-mount-home \
  bash -c "$TRAIN_CMD" 2>&1 | tee "$LOGDIR/<prefix>_${SLURM_JOB_ID}.log"

5. (Optional) Add Loss Extraction Footer

echo "======================================"
echo "Done. Losses:"
echo "======================================"
grep -E "iteration\s+" "$LOGDIR/<prefix>_${SLURM_JOB_ID}.log" | grep -iE "lm loss|reduced_train_loss" | head -25

---

Interactive GPU Allocation (salloc + srun)

For ad-hoc testing (inference, conversion debugging), always follow these 3 steps:

Step 1: Allocate the node

salloc --account <YOUR_ACCOUNT> -N 1 \
  -J <YOUR_ACCOUNT>-debug \
  -p interactive --gpus-per-node=8 -t 240

Step 2: Launch container shell

srun --mpi=pmix --no-kill \
  --container-image $CONTAINER_IMAGE \
  --container-mounts $CONTAINER_MOUNTS \
  --account <YOUR_ACCOUNT> -N 1 \
  -J <YOUR_ACCOUNT>-debug \
  --no-container-mount-home --gpus-per-node=8 \
  -p interactive --pty bash

Step 3: Set up environment inside container

export GH_TOKEN=<YOUR_GITHUB_TOKEN>
wandb login <YOUR_WANDB_KEY>
export HF_TOKEN=<YOUR_HF_TOKEN>
export HF_HOME=<SHARED_FS>/HF_HOME
export UV_CACHE_DIR="<SHARED_FS>/uv_cache"
export NEMO_HOME="<SHARED_FS>/cache/nemo"
uv sync

Then run commands with uv run (uses the synced virtualenv):

uv run python -m torch.distributed.run --nproc_per_node=8 \
  examples/conversion/hf_to_megatron_generate_text.py \
  --hf_model_path <org>/<model> --prompt "What is AI?" --max_new_tokens 50 --ep 8

Pitfalls with interactive allocation:

Error	Cause	Fix
Cannot find GPU specification	Missing --gpus-per-node	Always include --gpus-per-node=8 in both salloc and srun
invalid partition specified: pool0	Wrong partition name	Use interactive for interactive, batch for sbatch. Check: sinfo --summarize
Invalid account or account/partition combination	Partition not available for account	Check combos: sacctmgr -nP show assoc where user=$USER format=account,partition
Unable to create step for job... Requested node configuration is not available	-w <node> conflicts with allocation	Remove -w flag — HF cache is on shared filesystem, accessible from any node
uv: command not found inside container	Container doesn't have uv pre-installed	Use a container with uv pre-installed, or pip install uv
No space left on device during uv or pip	Container's /root/.cache/ is full	Redirect: export UV_CACHE_DIR=<SHARED_FS>/uv_cache
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'megatron.core.activations'	Container's pre-installed megatron-core conflicts with local 3rdparty/Megatron-LM	Install local: pip install -e 3rdparty/Megatron-LM --no-deps --no-build-isolation

---

Debugging Multi-Node Failures

Quick Diagnosis

Check the log for these patterns (in order):

# 1. Find the actual error (filter noise)
grep -a 'Error\|OOM\|CUDA out of memory\|FAILED\|Killed' job.log \
  | grep -v 'UserWarning\|AllocatorConfig\|transformer_engine\|frame\|srun: error'

# 2. Check which rank crashed first
grep -a 'Failures:' -A 20 job.log | head -25

# 3. Check for NCCL timeout
grep -a 'ncclUniqueId\|timeout\|crash on rank 0' job.log | head -5

Debugging Checklist

When a multi-node job fails:

1. Check exit code: 1 = Python error, 9 = OOM killed, 143 = SIGTERM (timeout or cascade)
2. Find first failure: Which task/node crashed first? Others get SIGTERM (143) as cascade
3. grep the actual error: Filter out UserWarnings, NCCL frame dumps
4. Check rank 0 specifically: Most save/export errors happen on rank 0
5. Verify EP sizing: For MoE models, ensure num_experts / EP fits in GPU memory with headroom
6. Try interactive first: Use salloc -N 2 -p interactive to iterate faster than sbatch queue

NCCL Timeout at dist.barrier() — "crash on rank 0"

Symptom: All ranks on node 2+ show:

[rank8] is setting up NCCL communicator and retrieving ncclUniqueId from [0]
... wait timeout after 600000ms
This may indicate a possible application crash on rank 0

Root causes (check in order):

Cause	How to verify	Fix
save_artifacts hangs on rank 0	Error is in save_hf_weights → dist.barrier()	Increase timeout: init_process_group("nccl", timeout=timedelta(minutes=60))
ImportError in custom model code	grep ImportError job.log	Catch ImportError in save_artifacts (see below)
Rank 0 OOM during export	grep 'OutOfMemory' job.log	Increase EP or nodes
Network issue between nodes	Error only on cross-node ranks	Check sinfo, try different nodes

The save_artifacts problem: When trust_remote_code=True, rank 0 runs save_artifacts() (downloads tokenizer, config, custom modeling code) while all other ranks skip directly to dist.barrier(). If save_artifacts is slow or crashes, other ranks timeout.

Fix for ImportError in save_artifacts (hf_pretrained/base.py):

# Change:
except OSError:
    pass
# To:
except (OSError, ImportError):
    pass

OOM for MoE Models

Symptom: torch.OutOfMemoryError: CUDA out of memory during model loading or forward pass.

Key insight: TP does NOT reduce expert memory. Only EP splits experts across GPUs.

Sizing formula:

experts_per_gpu = num_experts / EP
expert_memory_gb ≈ experts_per_gpu * expert_params * 2 / 1e9  (bf16)
total_per_gpu ≈ expert_memory_gb + attention_memory_gb + kv_cache_gb

MiniMax-M2 example (256 experts, ~230GB fp8 → ~460GB bf16):

Config	Nodes	GPUs	Experts/GPU	Result
TP=2, EP=4	1	8	64	OOM (too many experts)
TP=2, EP=8	2	16	32	Works for roundtrip (weight-only), OOM for inference
TP=1, EP=16	2	16	16	Works for inference
TP=2, EP=32	8	64	8	Comfortable for training

Rules of thumb:

• Roundtrip (weight-only): can use more experts per GPU (~60GB model params OK)
• Inference (forward pass + KV cache): needs headroom (~40GB model params max)
• Training (activations + optimizer): needs even more headroom (~30GB model params max)

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'megatron.core.tensor_parallel'

Cause: Container's pre-installed megatron-core conflicts with local 3rdparty/Megatron-LM.

Fix: Add uv sync before running:

CMD="if [ \"\$SLURM_LOCALID\" -eq 0 ]; then uv sync; else sleep 10; fi && "
CMD="${CMD}uv run --no-sync python <script> <args>"

FP8 Weight Mismatch in Roundtrip

Symptom: Roundtrip completes but shows ❌ for all expert weights and raises ValueError: Weight mismatch detected.

Cause: Original HF weights are FP8, Megatron stores in BF16. Exported weights are BF16. Comparison against original FP8 exceeds atol=1e-1.

This is expected for FP8 models. The conversion is correct; the comparison tolerance is insufficient for the FP8→BF16 precision gap.

WORLD_SIZE Not Set with srun

Symptom: Script exits with "must be launched with torchrun".

Cause: Scripts check os.environ.get("WORLD_SIZE") which torchrun sets but srun doesn't.

Fix: Also check SLURM_NTASKS:

if os.environ.get("WORLD_SIZE") is None and os.environ.get("SLURM_NTASKS") is None:
    sys.exit(1)

Bridge's common_utils.py helpers (called by initialize.py) populate env vars from SLURM:

if "RANK" not in os.environ:
    os.environ["RANK"] = str(get_rank_safe())          # uses SLURM_PROCID
if "WORLD_SIZE" not in os.environ:
    os.environ["WORLD_SIZE"] = str(get_world_size_safe())  # uses SLURM_NTASKS
if "MASTER_ADDR" not in os.environ:
    os.environ["MASTER_ADDR"] = get_master_addr_safe()     # parses SLURM_NODELIST
if "MASTER_PORT" not in os.environ:
    os.environ["MASTER_PORT"] = str(get_master_port_safe()) # derives from SLURM_JOB_ID

---

Key Gotchas

1. Two-phase srun for uv sync: Run a single-process srun first to warm the cache, then the full multi-node srun. The second uv sync is a fast no-op since everything is already cached on the shared filesystem.

2. --no-container-mount-home is an srun flag, NOT an #SBATCH directive.

3. Escaping inside TRAIN_CMD: Since TRAIN_CMD is a double-quoted string, escape inner $ for Slurm variables that must expand at runtime (not sbatch time):

   • \${SLURM_PROCID}, \${SLURM_JOB_NUM_NODES}, \${SLURM_NODEID}
   • Host-side variables like $GH_TOKEN, $LOGDIR, $WORKDIR expand at sbatch time — no escaping needed.

4. Bridge rm -rf nemo_experiments: Add before training to avoid stale checkpoint auto-resume.

5. MLM needs PYTHONPATH: For pretrain_gpt.py scripts, add inside TRAIN_CMD:

   PYTHONPATH=${WORKDIR}/3rdparty/Megatron-LM:\${PYTHONPATH:-} \
   

6. Node count heuristic: Total GPUs = NNODES * 8. Must satisfy: TP * PP * EP * DP >= total_GPUs where DP = total_GPUs / (TP * PP * EP).

7. NEMO_HOME on shared filesystem for multi-node SFT: The default nemo cache (/root/.cache/nemo) is container-local. Multi-node SFT with packed sequences prepares .npy files on one node that are invisible to others. Set export NEMO_HOME=<SHARED_FS>/cache/nemo so packed data is shared. Without this, ranks on other nodes fail with TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not an iterator.

Full Template

#!/bin/bash
# ==============================================================================
# <MODEL_NAME> <pretrain|sft> — <Framework: MLM | Megatron Bridge>
#
# Default: TP<X> PP<Y> EP<Z>, NNODES=<N> (<N*8> GPUs), MBS=<M>, GBS=<G>
#
# Usage:
#   sbatch <script_name>.sh
# ==============================================================================

#SBATCH --job-name=<job-name>
#SBATCH --nodes=<NNODES>
#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=1
#SBATCH --gpus-per-node=8
#SBATCH --time=00:30:00
#SBATCH --account=<YOUR_ACCOUNT>
#SBATCH --partition=batch
#SBATCH --output=<SHARED_FS>/logs/<job_name>_%j.log
#SBATCH --exclusive

# ── Container ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
CONTAINER_IMAGE="<PATH_TO_YOUR_CONTAINER>.sqsh"
CONTAINER_MOUNTS="<SHARED_FS>:<SHARED_FS>,<PATH_TO_MEGATRON_BRIDGE>:/opt/Megatron-Bridge,<PATH_TO_DATA>:/opt/data"

# ── Paths ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
WORKDIR="/opt/Megatron-Bridge"
LOGDIR="<SHARED_FS>/logs/<logdir_name>"
DATA_PATH="<PATH_TO_PREPROCESSED_DATA>/dclm_01_01_text_document"

# ── Parallelism ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TP=1; PP=1; EP=1

# ── Training ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
MBS=1; GBS=256
SEQ=4096
SEED=1234
TRAIN_ITERS=20

# ── Tokens / Caches ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
export GH_TOKEN=<YOUR_GITHUB_TOKEN>
export HF_TOKEN=<YOUR_HF_TOKEN>
export HF_HOME=<SHARED_FS>/HF_HOME
export UV_CACHE_DIR="<SHARED_FS>/uv_cache"
export NEMO_HOME="<SHARED_FS>/cache/nemo"

# ── Build training command ───────────────────────────────────────────────
TRAIN_CMD="
export CUDA_DEVICE_MAX_CONNECTIONS=1 && \
export NVTE_ALLOW_NONDETERMINISTIC_ALGO=1 && \
export PYTORCH_CUDA_ALLOC_CONF=expandable_segments:True && \
export NCCL_NVLS_ENABLE=0 && \
export GH_TOKEN=$GH_TOKEN && \
export HF_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN && \
export HF_HOME=$HF_HOME && \
export UV_CACHE_DIR=$UV_CACHE_DIR && \
export NEMO_HOME=$NEMO_HOME && \
wandb login \$WANDB_API_KEY && \
mkdir -p $LOGDIR && \
cd $WORKDIR && \
uv sync && \
<TRAINING_COMMAND_HERE>
"

echo \"======================================\"
echo \"<MODEL_NAME> <Framework> Pretrain\"
echo \"Job: \$SLURM_JOB_ID | Nodes: \$SLURM_JOB_NUM_NODES\"
echo \"TP=\$TP PP=\$PP EP=\$EP MBS=\$MBS GBS=\$GBS\"
echo \"======================================\"

# Phase 1: Single-process uv sync to build/populate the shared cache
srun --mpi=pmix -N 1 --ntasks=1 \
  --container-image="$CONTAINER_IMAGE" \
  --container-mounts="$CONTAINER_MOUNTS" \
  --no-container-mount-home \
  bash -c "cd $WORKDIR && uv sync"

# Phase 2: Full multi-node run (uv sync in TRAIN_CMD is a fast no-op)
srun --mpi=pmix --no-kill \
  --container-image="$CONTAINER_IMAGE" \
  --container-mounts="$CONTAINER_MOUNTS" \
  --no-container-mount-home \
  bash -c "$TRAIN_CMD" 2>&1 | tee "$LOGDIR/<prefix>_${SLURM_JOB_ID}.log"

echo ""
echo "======================================"
echo "Done. Losses:"
echo "======================================"
grep -E "iteration\s+" "$LOGDIR/<prefix>_${SLURM_JOB_ID}.log" | grep -iE "lm loss|reduced_train_loss" | head -25

Bridge-Specific TRAIN_CMD Body

rm -rf nemo_experiments && \
uv run python -m torch.distributed.run \
  --nproc_per_node=8 \
  --nnodes=\${SLURM_JOB_NUM_NODES} \
  --node_rank=\${SLURM_NODEID} \
  scripts/training/run_recipe.py \
  --recipe <recipe_name> \
  model.tensor_model_parallel_size=$TP \
  model.pipeline_model_parallel_size=$PP \
  ...overrides...

MLM-Specific TRAIN_CMD Body

PYTHONPATH=${WORKDIR}/3rdparty/Megatron-LM:\${PYTHONPATH:-} \
uv run python -m torch.distributed.run \
  --nproc_per_node=8 \
  --nnodes=\${SLURM_JOB_NUM_NODES} \
  --node_rank=\${SLURM_NODEID} \
  3rdparty/Megatron-LM/pretrain_gpt.py \
  --tensor-model-parallel-size $TP \
  --pipeline-model-parallel-size $PP \
  ...args...