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name: geostatspy description: | GSLIB-inspired geostatistics library for variogram analysis, kriging, and simulation. Use when the agent needs to: (1) Calculate experimental variograms, (2) Fit variogram models, (3) Perform simple/ordinary kriging, (4) Run sequential Gaussian simulation (SGSIM), (5) Apply normal score transforms, (6) Decluster spatial data, (7) Generate multiple realizations for uncertainty. license: MIT metadata: version: 1.0.1 author: Geoscience Skills tags: '["Geostatistics", "Variogram", "Kriging", "SGSIM", "GSLIB", "Spatial Estimation"]' dependencies: '["geostatspy>=0.0.40", "numpy", "pandas", "matplotlib"]' complements: '["verde", "scikit-gstat"]' workflow_role: analysis skill_type: domain

GeostatsPy - Geostatistical Analysis

Quick Reference

import geostatspy.GSLIB as GSLIB
import geostatspy.geostats as geostats
import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')
df['npor'], tvpor, tnspor = geostats.nscore(df, 'porosity')  # Transform

lag, gamma, npairs = geostats.gamv(df, 'X', 'Y', 'npor',      # Variogram
    tmin=-9999, tmax=9999, xlag=50, xltol=25, nlag=15,
    azm=0, atol=22.5, bandwh=9999, bandwd=9999)

vario = GSLIB.make_variogram(nug=0.0, nst=1, it1=1, cc1=1.0,  # Model
                              azi1=0, hmaj1=300, hmin1=300)

est, var = geostats.kb2d(df, 'X', 'Y', 'npor', ..., vario=vario)  # Krige

Key Functions

Category	Functions
Visualization	locmap, pixelplt, hist
Variogram	gamv, vmodel
Kriging	kb2d, kb3d
Simulation	sgsim, sisim
Transforms	nscore, backtr
Declustering	declus

Common Operations

1. Normal Score Transform

df['npor'], tvpor, tnspor = geostats.nscore(df, 'porosity')
original = geostats.backtr(nscore_data, tvpor, tnspor, zmin=0, zmax=0.3)

2. Experimental Variogram

lag, gamma, npairs = geostats.gamv(
    df, 'X', 'Y', 'npor',
    tmin=-9999, tmax=9999,    # Trimming limits
    xlag=50, xltol=25,        # Lag distance, tolerance
    nlag=15, azm=0, atol=22.5, bandwh=9999, bandwd=9999)

3. Variogram Model

# Types: 1=spherical, 2=exponential, 3=gaussian
vario = GSLIB.make_variogram(
    nug=0.0, nst=1,            # Nugget, number of structures
    it1=1, cc1=1.0,            # Type, sill contribution
    azi1=0, hmaj1=300, hmin1=300)  # Azimuth, major/minor range

4. Kriging (kb2d)

est, var = geostats.kb2d(
    df, 'X', 'Y', 'npor', tmin=-9999, tmax=9999,
    nx=50, xmn=25, xsiz=50,    # Grid X: ncells, origin, size
    ny=50, ymn=25, ysiz=50,    # Grid Y
    nxdis=1, nydis=1, ndmin=1, ndmax=10,
    radius=500, ktype=0, skmean=0.0, vario=vario)  # ktype: 0=simple, 1=ordinary

5. Sequential Gaussian Simulation

sim = geostats.sgsim(
    df, 'X', 'Y', 'npor', wcol=-1, scol=-1,
    tmin=-9999, tmax=9999, itrans=0,
    ismooth=0, dession=0, dmession=0,
    zmin=-4, zmax=4, ltail=1, ltpar=0, utail=1, utpar=0,
    nsim=1, nx=50, xmn=25, xsiz=50, ny=50, ymn=25, ysiz=50,
    nz=1, zmn=0, zsiz=1, seed=73073,
    ndmin=1, ndmax=10, nodmax=10, radius=500, radius1=500,
    sang1=0, sang2=0, sang3=0, mxctx=10, mxcty=10, mxctz=1,
    ktype=0, vario=vario)

6. Declustering

wts, cell_size, ncut = geostats.declus(
    df, 'X', 'Y', 'porosity', iminmax=1, noff=10, ncell=20, cmin=10, cmax=500)
declustered_mean = np.average(df['porosity'], weights=wts)

Variogram Models

Code	Model	Use Case
1	Spherical	Most common, finite range
2	Exponential	Reaches sill asymptotically
3	Gaussian	Very smooth, parabolic near origin
4	Power	Unbounded, fractal-like

Key Parameters

Parameter	Description
nug	Nugget effect (measurement error + micro-scale variation)
sill	Total variance (nugget + structure contributions)
range	Distance where correlation becomes negligible
azimuth	Direction of maximum continuity (degrees from N)
ktype	0=simple kriging (known mean), 1=ordinary kriging

When to Use vs Alternatives

Use Case	Tool	Why
GSLIB-style workflows	GeostatsPy	Direct port of GSLIB programs to Python
SGSIM / SISIM simulation	GeostatsPy	Full GSLIB simulation engine
Declustering spatial data	GeostatsPy	Built-in declus function
Modern variogram API	scikit-gstat	Cleaner API, sklearn integration
Kriging only (no simulation)	pykrige	Focused API, universal kriging support
Random field generation	gstools	Flexible covariance models, field generation
Large-scale 3D geomodelling	SGeMS / Petrel	GUI-based, industrial workflows
Indicator simulation	GeostatsPy (sisim)	Categorical property simulation

Choose GeostatsPy when: You need GSLIB-compatible workflows in Python, especially for sequential simulation (SGSIM/SISIM), declustering, or if you are familiar with GSLIB parameter conventions. Best for reservoir characterization workflows.

Choose scikit-gstat when: You prefer a modern scikit-learn-style API for variogram analysis and kriging, with better integration into Python data science workflows.

Choose pykrige when: You only need kriging interpolation (no simulation) and want universal kriging with external drift or regression kriging capabilities.

Common Workflows

Variogram Analysis and Kriging Interpolation

• Load spatial data into a pandas DataFrame
• Explore data with GSLIB.locmap() and GSLIB.hist()
• Check for clustering and decluster with geostats.declus() if needed
• Apply normal score transform with geostats.nscore()
• Compute experimental variogram with geostats.gamv() (isotropic first)
• Check directional variograms for anisotropy (azimuths 0, 45, 90, 135)
• Fit variogram model with GSLIB.make_variogram()
• Overlay model on experimental variogram to verify fit
• Run kriging with geostats.kb2d() (ktype=1 for ordinary)
• Run SGSIM for uncertainty quantification (50-100 realizations)
• Back-transform results with geostats.backtr()
• Validate with cross-validation or holdout data

Common Issues

Issue	Solution
Variogram doesn't reach sill	Increase nlag or xlag to capture full range
Kriging produces negative values	Back-transform after kriging, not before
SGSIM artifacts	Check grid definition (xmn, xsiz) matches data extent
Too few variogram pairs	Increase atol (angular tolerance) or xltol (lag tolerance)
Hole effect in variogram	May indicate periodicity; try nested structures

Tips

1. Always transform to normal scores - Most methods assume Gaussian
2. Start isotropic - Add anisotropy only if justified by directional variograms
3. Check variogram pairs - Ensure enough pairs at each lag
4. Multiple realizations - Use 50-100+ for uncertainty quantification
5. Back-transform last - Apply to final results only

References

• GSLIB Programs - GSLIB program reference
• Simulation Methods - SGSIM, SISIM, and other methods

Scripts

• scripts/kriging_example.py - Complete kriging workflow