executing-plans
executing-plans
Use when executing an implementation plan in the current session as the implementer yourself — your human partner chose inline execution, or no subagent tool is available
prove-geometric-theorem以歐幾里得公理法、坐標幾何、或向量法以嚴謹逐步之邏輯結構證幾何定理。 含直證、反證、坐標證、向量證、特殊情與退化構之處。 得幾何聲欲證、驗猜想、立引理、化幾何直覺為嚴證、 或比異證法之效時用之。
Independent GitHub snapshot · Automated classification · Original documentation governs
嚴證幾何定理:擇宜證法、自假至結建有據之邏輯鏈、處諸特例、生完證文。
以標準數學形重書定理,附顯之 Given 與 Prove 條。
取假:列「Given」條中諸條件。明幾何型(點、線、段、射、圓、多邊)、入關係(在於、過)、度量條件(同、等、垂、平)、序假。
述結:於「Prove」條書必證者。辨:
識隱假:多幾何問題假歐幾里得幾何(平行公設)、非退化(點不重、線不共除非言)、正向。明之。
繪或述構:若有圖,謄其要徵。否,立之:
Given: Triangle ABC with D the midpoint of BC, E the midpoint of AC.
Line segment DE.
Prove: DE is parallel to AB and DE = AB/2.
Configuration:
A is at the apex; B and C form the base.
D is the midpoint of BC; E is the midpoint of AC.
DE connects the two midpoints.
Implicit assumptions: Euclidean plane, A is not on line BC (non-degenerate triangle).
得:精無歧之聲,附 Given 與 Prove 條,諸隱假皆顯,幾何構之清述。
敗則:若定理聲模糊(如「中三角與原相似」),以顯定義與量詞重書。若聲似偽,先以特例試。偽定理不能證;尋並述反例。
擇宜定理結構之證術。
諸法及用時:
直(綜)證:用歐幾里得命題與既立定理自假向前行
反證:假結之否並導矛盾
坐標證:將形置於坐標系而用代數
向量證:以向量運表幾何關係
變換證:施幾何變換(反射、轉、平移、縮)將形之部映至他部
評並記擇:
Theorem: Midline theorem (DE || AB and DE = AB/2).
Method evaluation:
- Direct: requires parallel line theory and similar triangles. Moderate.
- Coordinate: place B at origin, C on x-axis. Short computation. Good.
- Vector: express D, E as midpoints, compute DE vector. Elegant.
Selected method: Coordinate proof (for explicit computation).
Alternative: Vector proof (for elegance).
得:所名證法附其宜此定理之因,及備選法之注。
敗則:若初擇法於第三步遇阻,易為備。坐標證可機械決度量問題,故為穩之退路。若擇反證而否未致用之中聲,試直法。
建證為邏輯步序,各據公理、定義、或既立果。
直/綜證:
組為蘊涵鏈。各步必引其據:
Proof:
1. Let M be the midpoint of AB. [Given]
2. Then AM = MB = AB/2. [Definition of midpoint]
3. In triangle ABC, since CM is a median,
CM connects vertex C to midpoint M of AB. [Definition of median]
4. Triangles ACM and BCM share side CM. [Common side]
5. AM = MB. [Step 2]
6. AC may or may not equal BC. [No assumption of isosceles]
...
坐標證:
設坐標、算、釋:
Proof (coordinate):
1. Place B at the origin (0, 0) and C at (2c, 0). [Choice of coordinates]
2. Let A = (2a, 2b) for some a, b with b != 0. [Non-degeneracy; factor of 2
simplifies midpoint computation]
3. D = midpoint of BC = ((0 + 2c)/2, 0) = (c, 0). [Midpoint formula]
4. E = midpoint of AC = ((2a + 2c)/2, (2b + 0)/2)
= (a + c, b). [Midpoint formula]
5. Vector DE = E - D = (a + c - c, b - 0) = (a, b). [Vector subtraction]
6. Vector AB = B - A = (0 - 2a, 0 - 2b) = (-2a, -2b).
So vector BA = (2a, 2b) = 2 * (a, b) = 2 * DE. [Vector subtraction]
7. Since BA = 2 * DE, vectors DE and BA are parallel
(scalar multiple) and |DE| = |BA|/2. [Parallel vectors; magnitude]
8. Therefore DE || AB and DE = AB/2. [QED]
向量證:
用對所擇原點之位置向量:
Proof (vector):
Let position vectors of A, B, C be a, b, c respectively.
1. D = (b + c)/2. [Midpoint of BC]
2. E = (a + c)/2. [Midpoint of AC]
3. DE = E - D = (a + c)/2 - (b + c)/2 = (a - b)/2. [Vector subtraction]
4. AB = B - A = b - a. [Vector subtraction]
5. DE = -(1/2)(b - a) = (1/2)(a - b).
So DE = -(1/2) * AB, meaning DE = (1/2) AB
in magnitude with opposite direction
(equivalently, DE || AB). [Scalar multiple => parallel]
6. |DE| = (1/2)|AB|, i.e., DE = AB/2. [Magnitude of scalar multiple]
QED.
證之結構所需:
得:完證,每步邏輯隨前步與引果,無無據之聲。
敗則:若步不能據,或為偽。以特例試。若數值合而不能尋據,或需中引理。述引理、別證之、後續主證。若全法卡,返第二步擇異法。
識並處通論或敗之構。
退化情:察證於下情是否成:
邊界情:察極值:
坐標證者,驗坐標分配未失通性:
記諸特例附其解:
Special cases:
- If A lies on BC (degenerate triangle): D = E = midpoint of BC,
and DE has length 0 while AB/2 > 0 in general. But the theorem
assumes a non-degenerate triangle (b != 0 in our coordinates), so
this case is excluded by hypothesis.
- If triangle is isosceles with AB = AC: the proof applies without
modification (no special property of isosceles triangles was excluded).
- Coordinate generality: A = (2a, 2b) with b != 0 covers all non-degenerate
triangles up to rotation and reflection, which preserves parallelism and
length ratios. No generality lost.
得:諸退化或邊界情皆識,各或證適用不變、或證為假所排、或附別論。
敗則:若特例破證,定理或需加假(如「為非退化三角」)。修第一步定理聲含必條,或為特例供別證。
組終證文,合前諸步之諸元。
格之終證:
THEOREM (Midline Theorem):
Given: Triangle ABC; D is the midpoint of BC; E is the midpoint of AC.
Prove: DE || AB and DE = AB/2.
PROOF:
Place B = (0, 0), C = (2c, 0), A = (2a, 2b) with b != 0
(ensuring non-degeneracy).
(1) D = midpoint(B, C) = (c, 0). [Midpoint formula]
(2) E = midpoint(A, C) = (a + c, b). [Midpoint formula]
(3) Vector DE = (a, b). [Subtraction: (2) - (1)]
(4) Vector BA = (2a, 2b) = 2 * DE. [Subtraction: A - B]
(5) Since BA = 2 * DE, the vectors are parallel,
so DE || AB. [Parallel criterion]
(6) |DE| = sqrt(a^2 + b^2);
|AB| = sqrt(4a^2 + 4b^2) = 2*sqrt(a^2 + b^2)
= 2|DE|.
Therefore DE = AB/2. [Magnitude computation]
QED.
得:自含證文,讀者(或驗之劑)可自假至結而無外引,終以顯 QED。
敗則:若終察時尋缺,返第三步補。若證正而過長(>30 步),考以引理重構:取可重用之中果為命名引理別證之,後於主證引之。
假所欲證(環推):最隱之誤。例:證二三角同時,用該同之果為步。常溯各步至假或既立果,勿至結。
無據之圖假:圖或示二線交、點於三角內、角銳。此視印須證、不假。圖喻;不為證。
坐標置之失通:將三角 A 置原點、B 於正 x 軸、C 於上半面,排頂順時序之構。距/平行證或不關,然方向依果(號面積、叉積方向)或關。常驗。
忽退化情:圓內接三角之證或於三角退為直徑加圓上一點時敗。常察點重、線平、形退時何為。
引強於需之果:用餘弦定理證可由基本追角隨之果,蔽證之邏並或引不必假(如餘弦函數良定)。用最簡足之具。
漏逆陷阱:「四邊為平行四邊則對角線互平分」真,然其逆為別定理需別證。請正向時勿證逆,反之亦然。
不全情析:證分為情者(如角 A 銳、直、鈍),諸情皆當處。證銳情而聲「他情類同」而不驗或藏實差。
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