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name: data-analysis description: Scientific data analysis including data cleaning, exploratory data analysis (EDA), statistical testing, regression, and reporting. Uses Python with pandas, scipy, statsmodels, scikit-learn. Use when user asks to analyze data, clean a dataset, run statistics, do EDA, fit a model, or process CSV/Excel files. Triggers on "analyze this data", "clean my dataset", "run regression", "EDA", "descriptive statistics", "data processing", "correlation analysis".

Data Analysis

Scientific data analysis with Python. All scripts use the venv at /Users/zhangmingda/clawd/.venv.

Setup

source /Users/zhangmingda/clawd/.venv/bin/activate

Workflow

1. Data Loading

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# CSV
df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')
# Excel
df = pd.read_excel('data.xlsx', sheet_name='Sheet1')
# JSON
df = pd.read_json('data.json')
# Clipboard (from user paste)
# Save user's data to a temp file first, then read

# Quick inspection
print(f"Shape: {df.shape}")
print(f"Columns: {list(df.columns)}")
print(df.dtypes)
print(df.describe())
print(f"Missing values:\n{df.isnull().sum()}")

2. Data Cleaning

# Missing values
df.dropna(subset=['critical_column'])
df['col'].fillna(df['col'].median(), inplace=True)

# Duplicates
df.drop_duplicates(inplace=True)

# Outliers (IQR method)
Q1, Q3 = df['col'].quantile([0.25, 0.75])
IQR = Q3 - Q1
mask = (df['col'] >= Q1 - 1.5*IQR) & (df['col'] <= Q3 + 1.5*IQR)
df_clean = df[mask]

# Type conversion
df['date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['date'])
df['category'] = df['category'].astype('category')

3. Exploratory Data Analysis

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

# Distribution
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(12, 10))
for i, col in enumerate(numeric_cols[:4]):
    ax = axes[i//2, i%2]
    sns.histplot(df[col], kde=True, ax=ax)
    ax.set_title(col)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('distributions.png', dpi=150)

# Correlation matrix
corr = df[numeric_cols].corr()
sns.heatmap(corr, annot=True, cmap='RdBu_r', center=0, fmt='.2f')
plt.savefig('correlation.png', dpi=150)

# Pairplot for key variables
sns.pairplot(df[key_cols], hue='group')
plt.savefig('pairplot.png', dpi=150)

4. Statistical Tests

Choose test based on:

• Data type: continuous vs categorical
• Distribution: normal vs non-normal (Shapiro-Wilk test)
• Groups: 2 vs 3+ groups
• Pairing: independent vs paired/repeated

Scenario	Normal	Non-normal
2 independent groups	Independent t-test	Mann-Whitney U
2 paired groups	Paired t-test	Wilcoxon signed-rank
3+ independent groups	One-way ANOVA	Kruskal-Wallis
3+ paired groups	Repeated measures ANOVA	Friedman
Association (continuous)	Pearson r	Spearman ρ
Association (categorical)	Chi-square	Fisher's exact

from scipy import stats

# Normality test
stat, p = stats.shapiro(df['col'])
print(f"Shapiro-Wilk: W={stat:.4f}, p={p:.4f}")

# t-test
t, p = stats.ttest_ind(group1, group2)
# Effect size (Cohen's d)
d = (group1.mean() - group2.mean()) / np.sqrt((group1.std()**2 + group2.std()**2) / 2)

# ANOVA
f, p = stats.f_oneway(g1, g2, g3)

# Chi-square
chi2, p, dof, expected = stats.chi2_contingency(pd.crosstab(df['a'], df['b']))

# Correlation
r, p = stats.pearsonr(df['x'], df['y'])

5. Regression

import statsmodels.api as sm
import statsmodels.formula.api as smf

# OLS
model = smf.ols('y ~ x1 + x2 + C(group)', data=df).fit()
print(model.summary())

# Logistic
model = smf.logit('outcome ~ x1 + x2', data=df).fit()
print(model.summary())

# Mixed effects
model = smf.mixedlm('y ~ x1 + x2', data=df, groups=df['subject']).fit()

6. Reporting

Always report:

• Sample size (N) and any exclusions
• Descriptive statistics (M, SD or Median, IQR)
• Test statistic, degrees of freedom, p-value
• Effect size with confidence interval
• Assumptions checked (normality, homogeneity of variance)

Format: "A significant difference was found between groups, t(48) = 2.31, p = .025, Cohen's d = 0.65, 95% CI [0.08, 1.22]."

Tips

• Always check assumptions before parametric tests
• Report effect sizes, not just p-values
• Use Bonferroni or FDR correction for multiple comparisons
• Visualize data before and after analysis
• Save all outputs as files the user can download