---

name: configure-api-gateway locale: wenyan source_locale: en source_commit: 82c77053 fence_basis_commit: 82c77053 translator: "Julius Brussee homage — caveman" translation_date: "2026-04-19" description: > Deploy and configure an API gateway (Kong or Traefik) to handle API traffic management, authentication, rate limiting, request/response transformation, and routing. Covers plugin configuration, upstream services, consumer management, and integration with existing infrastructure. Use when multiple backend services need a unified API endpoint, when centralized authentication or rate limiting is required, when implementing API versioning, or when needing detailed analytics and load balancing for microservices. license: MIT allowed-tools: Read Write Edit Bash Grep Glob metadata: author: Philipp Thoss version: "1.0" domain: devops complexity: intermediate language: multi tags: api-gateway, kong, traefik, rate-limiting, authentication, routing, middleware

設 API 門

部設 API 門為中 API 流之治與策執。

用時

• 多後服需一之 API 端附一致策
• 需中認/權於 API 訪
• 需率限與額治於諸 API
• 欲變請應而不改後服
• 施 API 版與棄之策
• 需詳 API 析與監
• 需服發現與載衡於微服

入

• 必：Kubernetes 簇或 Docker 境
• 必：API 門之擇（Kong 或 Traefik）
• 必：代之後端點
• 可選：認供（OAuth2、OIDC、API 符）
• 可選：率限之求（每分/每時）
• 可選：自中件或插設
• 可選：HTTPS 之 TLS 證

法

見 Extended Examples 以全設檔與範。

第一步：裝 API 門

以庫（Kong）或檔設（Traefik）部之。

Kong 附 PostgreSQL：

# kong-deployment.yaml (excerpt - see EXAMPLES.md for complete file)
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kong
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: kong
  namespace: kong
spec:
  replicas: 2
  # ... (PostgreSQL, migrations, services - see EXAMPLES.md)

Traefik：

# traefik-deployment.yaml (excerpt - see EXAMPLES.md for complete file)
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: traefik
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: traefik
  namespace: traefik
spec:
  replicas: 2
  # ... (RBAC, ConfigMap, services - see EXAMPLES.md)

見 EXAMPLES.md 以全部署之冊

部：

kubectl apply -f kong-deployment.yaml  # OR traefik-deployment.yaml
kubectl wait --for=condition=ready pod -l app=kong -n kong --timeout=300s
kubectl get svc -n kong kong-proxy  # Get load balancer IP

得： 門之 pod 行附二副。載衡服有外 IP。管 API 可訪（Kong：8001，Traefik：8080）。健察通。

敗則：

• 察 pod 誌：kubectl logs -n kong -l app=kong
• 驗庫連（Kong）：kubectl logs -n kong kong-migrations-<hash>
• 察服戶權（Traefik）：kubectl get clusterrolebinding traefik -o yaml
• 確埠未綁：kubectl get svc --all-namespaces | grep 8000

第二步：設後服與路

定上服而建路以露 API。

Kong（以 decK 為宣設）：

# Install decK CLI
curl -sL https://github.com/Kong/deck/releases/download/v1.28.0/deck_1.28.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz | tar -xz
sudo mv deck /usr/local/bin/

# Create kong.yaml with services, routes, upstreams
# (see EXAMPLES.md for complete configuration)
deck sync --kong-addr http://localhost:8001 -s kong.yaml
curl -i http://localhost:8001/routes  # Verify routes

Traefik（以 IngressRoute CRD）：

# traefik-routes.yaml (excerpt)
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: user-api-route
spec:
  entryPoints: [websecure]
  routes:
  - match: Host(`api.example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/api/users`)
    # ... (see EXAMPLES.md for full configuration)

施路：

kubectl apply -f traefik-routes.yaml
curl -H "Host: api.example.com" https://GATEWAY_IP/api/users

見 EXAMPLES.md 以全路之設

得： 路正代流於後服。權路依設分流。健察後服之健。

敗則：

• 驗後服行：kubectl get svc -n default
• 察 DNS 解：kubectl run test --rm -it --image=busybox -- nslookup user-service.default.svc.cluster.local
• 察門誌：kubectl logs -n kong -l app=kong --tail=50
• 驗設：deck validate -s kong.yaml

第三步：施認與權

設認插/中件為 API 安。

Kong（API 符與 JWT 認）：

# kong-auth-config.yaml (excerpt)
consumers:
- username: mobile-app
  custom_id: app-001

keyauth_credentials:
- consumer: mobile-app
  key: mobile-secret-key-123

plugins:
- name: key-auth
  service: user-api
  # ... (see EXAMPLES.md for full configuration)

deck sync --kong-addr http://localhost:8001 -s kong-auth-config.yaml
curl -i -H "apikey: mobile-secret-key-123" http://GATEWAY_IP/api/users

Traefik（BasicAuth 與 ForwardAuth 中件）：

# traefik-auth-middleware.yaml (excerpt)
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: basic-auth-middleware
spec:
  basicAuth:
    secret: basic-auth
    removeHeader: true
# ... (see EXAMPLES.md for OAuth2, rate limiting)

kubectl apply -f traefik-auth-middleware.yaml
curl -u user1:password https://GATEWAY_IP/api/protected

見 EXAMPLES.md 以全認之設

得： 未認之請返 401。有效憑許訪。率限後返 429。JWT 符正驗。ACL 執群權。

敗則：

• 驗消者建：curl http://localhost:8001/consumers
• 察插啟：curl http://localhost:8001/plugins | jq .
• 詳試：curl -v 察應頭
• 驗 JWT：於 jwt.io 解符

第四步：設請應之變

加中件以變請應。

Kong：

# kong-transformations.yaml (excerpt)
plugins:
- name: request-transformer
  service: user-api
  config:
    add:
      headers: [X-Gateway-Version:1.0, X-Request-ID:$(uuid)]
    remove:
      headers: [X-Internal-Token]
- name: correlation-id
  # ... (see EXAMPLES.md for full configuration)

deck sync --kong-addr http://localhost:8001 -s kong-transformations.yaml

Traefik：

# traefik-transformations.yaml (excerpt)
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: add-headers
spec:
  headers:
    customRequestHeaders:
      X-Gateway-Version: "1.0"
    # ... (see EXAMPLES.md for circuit breaker, retry, chain)

kubectl apply -f traefik-transformations.yaml
curl -v https://GATEWAY_IP/api/users | grep X-Gateway

見 EXAMPLES.md 以全變之設

得： 請頭依設加除。應頭含門元資。大請以 413 拒。斷路於屢敗跳。暫誤自再試。

敗則：

• 驗中件之序
• 察與後服之頭衝
• 獨試變後鏈
• 察變之誌

第五步：啟監與析

設量、誌、板為 API 之見。

Kong 監設：

# kong-monitoring.yaml (excerpt)
plugins:
- name: prometheus
  config:
    per_consumer: true
- name: http-log
  service: user-api
  # ... (see EXAMPLES.md for Datadog, file-log configuration)

deck sync --kong-addr http://localhost:8001 -s kong-monitoring.yaml

# Deploy ServiceMonitor (see EXAMPLES.md)
kubectl apply -f kong-servicemonitor.yaml
curl http://localhost:8100/metrics

Traefik 監（內建）：

# ServiceMonitor (excerpt - see EXAMPLES.md for Grafana dashboard)
apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: ServiceMonitor
metadata:
  name: traefik-metrics
spec:
  endpoints:
  - port: metrics
    path: /metrics
    interval: 30s

kubectl port-forward -n traefik svc/traefik-dashboard 8080:8080
# Open http://localhost:8080/dashboard/

見 EXAMPLES.md 以全監之設

得： Prometheus 成刮門量。板示請率、遲分、誤率。誌轉至聚系。量分於服、路、消者。

敗則：

• 驗 ServiceMonitor：kubectl get servicemonitor -A
• 察 Prometheus 之目於 UI
• 確量埠可訪：kubectl port-forward -n kong svc/kong-metrics 8100:8100
• 驗誌端可達

第六步：施 API 版與棄

設版治與柔 API 棄。

Kong 版之策：

# kong-versioning.yaml (excerpt)
services:
- name: user-api-v1
  url: http://user-service-v1.default.svc.cluster.local:8080
  routes:
  - name: user-v1-route
    paths: [/api/v1/users]
  plugins:
  - name: response-transformer
    config:
      add:
        headers:
        - X-Deprecation-Notice:"API v1 deprecated on 2024-12-31"
        - Sunset:"Wed, 31 Dec 2024 23:59:59 GMT"
# ... (see EXAMPLES.md for v2, default routing, rate limits)

Traefik 版：

# traefik-versioning.yaml (excerpt)
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: v1-deprecation-headers
spec:
  headers:
    customResponseHeaders:
      X-Deprecation-Notice: "API v1 deprecated on 2024-12-31"
# ... (see EXAMPLES.md for complete IngressRoutes)

試版：

curl -i https://api.example.com/api/v1/users  # Deprecated
curl -i https://api.example.com/api/v2/users  # Current
curl -i https://api.example.com/api/users     # Routes to v2

見 EXAMPLES.md 以全版之設

得： 異版路至合後服。棄頭於 v1 應。率限於棄版嚴。默徑路至最新。量分於版。

敗則：

• 驗徑先之設（高先先評）
• 察重疊徑式
• 獨試每版路
• 察路誌之徑配
• 確每版後服行

驗

• API 門 pod 行多副為 HA
• 載衡服有外 IP
• 路正代流於後服
• 認/權執訪控（401/403 應）
• 率限逾額返 429
• 請應變正加除頭
• 斷路於屢後敗跳
• 量露且 Prometheus 刮
• 板示請率、遲、誤
• API 版路請於正後版
• 棄頭於舊 API 版
• 健察監後服之可得

陷

• 庫依（Kong）：Kong 附庫需 PostgreSQL/Cassandra。無庫模可而限某功。產用庫模於多門例。

• 徑配序：路/IngressRoute 依特序評。特徑宜高先。重疊徑生不測路。以 curl -v 驗實配。

• 認繞：確認插施於諸路。易加無認之路。用默插於服級，後於各路覆之。

• 率限範：policy: local 每 pod 計。諸副一限，用中策（Redis）或粘話。

• CORS 設：門宜治 CORS，非各服。早加 CORS 插避瀏覽預檢敗。

• SSL/TLS 終：門常終 SSL。確證有效且設自更。K8s 用 cert-manager 治證。

• 上健察：設主動健察以速察後敗。被察賴實流或慢察問。

• 插/中件行序：序要。認先於率限（避無效請耗限）。變先於誌（誌變後值）。

• 資限：門 pod 載下可耗 CPU。設合資求/限。產察 CPU 抑。

• 遷之策：勿一啟諸插。漸展：路→認→率限→變→進功。

參

• configure-ingress-networking - 入控設補 API 門
• setup-service-mesh - 服網供東西流之補治
• manage-kubernetes-secrets - 門之證與憑治
• setup-prometheus-monitoring - 監合於門量
• enforce-policy-as-code - 策執補門權