---

name: configure-reverse-proxy locale: wenyan-lite source_locale: en source_commit: 82c77053 fence_basis_commit: 82c77053 translator: "Julius Brussee homage — caveman" translation_date: "2026-04-19" description: > Configure reverse proxy patterns across multiple tools including Nginx, Traefik, and ShinyProxy. Covers WebSocket proxying, path-based and host-based routing, SSL termination, and Docker label auto-discovery. Use when routing multiple services behind a single entry point, proxying WebSocket connections (Shiny, Socket.IO), auto-discovering Docker services with Traefik labels, or adding SSL termination to services that don't handle TLS natively. license: MIT allowed-tools: Read Write Edit Bash Grep Glob metadata: author: Philipp Thoss version: "1.0" domain: containerization complexity: intermediate language: multi tags: reverse-proxy, traefik, nginx, websocket, routing, shinyproxy, ssl

配置反向代理

以 Nginx、Traefik、或 ShinyProxy 設反向代理模式以路由流量至後端服務。

適用時機

• 將多服務置於單一入口之後
• 代理 WebSocket 連接（Shiny、Socket.IO、即時重載）
• 以 Traefik 標籤自動發現 Docker 服務
• 路徑式或主機式路由至不同後端
• 為不自處 TLS 之服務加 SSL 終結

輸入

• 必要：待代理之後端服務（host:port）
• 必要：路由策（路徑式、主機式、或兩者）
• 選擇性：代理工具偏好（Nginx、Traefik）
• 選擇性：主機式路由之域名
• 選擇性：待代理之 WebSocket 端點

步驟

步驟一：擇代理工具

Feature	Nginx	Traefik
Configuration	Static files	Docker labels / dynamic
Auto-discovery	No (manual)	Yes (Docker provider)
Let's Encrypt	Via certbot	Built-in ACME
Dashboard	No (3rd party)	Built-in
WebSocket	Manual config	Automatic
Best for	Static config, high traffic	Dynamic Docker environments

步驟二：Nginx — 路徑式路由

server {
    listen 80;

    location /api/ {
        proxy_pass http://api:8000/;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }

    location /app/ {
        proxy_pass http://webapp:3000/;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }

    location / {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }
}

註： proxy_pass 尾 / 剝位置前綴。proxy_pass http://api:8000/; 配 location /api/ 將 /api/users 轉為 /users。

步驟三：Nginx — 主機式路由

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name api.example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://api:8000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name app.example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://webapp:3000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

步驟四：Nginx — WebSocket 代理

WebSocket 需升級頭。對 Shiny、Socket.IO、即時重載必需：

location /ws/ {
    proxy_pass http://app:3000;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_read_timeout 86400;
}

Shiny 應用特定：

map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
    default upgrade;
    ''      close;
}

server {
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://shiny:3838;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_read_timeout 86400;
        proxy_buffering off;
    }
}

預期： WebSocket 連接建且持。

失敗時： 查 proxy_http_version 1.1 已設。驗 Upgrade 與 Connection 頭。

步驟五：Traefik — Docker 標籤自動發現

docker-compose.yml：

services:
  traefik:
    image: traefik:v3.2
    command:
      - "--providers.docker=true"
      - "--providers.docker.exposedbydefault=false"
      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"
      - "--entrypoints.websecure.address=:443"
      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.email=admin@example.com"
      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.storage=/letsencrypt/acme.json"
      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.httpchallenge.entrypoint=web"
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
      - letsencrypt:/letsencrypt

  api:
    image: myapi:latest
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.rule=Host(`api.example.com`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.entrypoints=websecure"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt"
      - "traefik.http.services.api.loadbalancer.server.port=8000"

  webapp:
    image: myapp:latest
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.webapp.rule=Host(`app.example.com`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.webapp.entrypoints=websecure"
      - "traefik.http.routers.webapp.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt"
      - "traefik.http.services.webapp.loadbalancer.server.port=3000"

volumes:
  letsencrypt:

預期： Traefik 經標籤自動發現服務，行 SSL 憑證供給。

步驟六：Traefik — 以標籤行路徑式路由

services:
  api:
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.rule=Host(`example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/api`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.middlewares=strip-api"
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.strip-api.stripprefix.prefixes=/api"
      - "traefik.http.services.api.loadbalancer.server.port=8000"

步驟七：Traefik — 速率限與頭

labels:
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.ratelimit.ratelimit.average=100"
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.ratelimit.ratelimit.burst=50"
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.security.headers.stsSeconds=63072000"
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.security.headers.contentTypeNosniff=true"
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.security.headers.frameDeny=true"
  - "traefik.http.routers.app.middlewares=ratelimit,security"

步驟八：驗代理配置

# Nginx: test config
docker compose exec nginx nginx -t

# Check routing
curl -H "Host: api.example.com" http://localhost/health

# Check WebSocket (needs wscat: npm install -g wscat)
wscat -c ws://localhost/ws/

# Traefik dashboard (if enabled)
# http://localhost:8080/dashboard/

預期： 請求路由至正確後端。WebSocket 升級成。

驗證

• HTTP 請求依路徑或主機路由至正確後端
• WebSocket 連接建且持
• SSL 終結運（若已配）
• 後端服務收正確之 Host、X-Real-IP、X-Forwarded-For 頭
• Traefik 經標籤自動發現新服務（若用 Traefik）
• 配置於 docker compose restart 後仍存

常見陷阱

• 尾斜線不符：proxy_pass http://app/ vs http://app 於 Nginx 中路徑剝之行為不同
• WebSocket 超時：預 proxy_read_timeout 為 60s。長駐 WebSocket 連接需 86400（24 時）
• Docker socket 安全：於 Traefik 掛 /var/run/docker.sock 予其全 Docker 存取。用 ro 掛並慮 socket 代理
• DNS 解析：Nginx 於啟時解上游。用 resolver 127.0.0.11 以 Docker 內部 DNS 行動態服務
• 缺 proxy_buffering off：Shiny 與 SSE 端點需 proxy_buffering off 以行即時串流

相關技能

• configure-nginx - 含 SSL 與安全頭之詳細 Nginx 配置
• deploy-shinyproxy - 容器化 Shiny 應用之 ShinyProxy 主機
• setup-compose-stack - 用反向代理之 compose 棧
• configure-api-gateway - 含 Kong 與 Traefik 之 API 閘道模式