---

name: upgrade-packages-js description: Safely upgrade JavaScript packages with breaking change detection, migration guidance, and automated code migrations (npm/pnpm/yarn). Cross-platform with git safety branch enforcement. version: 2.5.0 author: Palakorn V. palakorn@me.com tags: [npm, pnpm, yarn, upgrade, dependencies, semver, migration, codemod, monorepo] triggers: [upgrade packages, update dependencies, check outdated, dependency upgrade]

Skill: Package Upgrade (Cross-Platform)

Safely upgrade JavaScript packages while minimizing breaking change risk, with migration guidance and automated code upgrades.

---

Non-Negotiables

1. Verify JavaScript project first - Stop immediately if not a JS/Node.js project
2. Never force upgrade all at once - Upgrade incrementally
3. Detect package manager first - npm/pnpm/yarn (including version)
4. Never mix package managers - Refuse if lockfiles conflict
5. Git safety gate first - Clean repo + new branch before upgrades
6. Breaking-change evidence check - For majors, check Releases/CHANGELOG/Migration/Codemods
7. For breaking upgrades: migrate code + tests - Apply codemods, implement fixes, add tests
8. Check peer dependencies - Ensure compatibility before upgrading
9. Check Node.js engine compatibility - Verify target versions support project's Node
10. Check ESM/CJS compatibility - Verify module system compatibility
11. Test after each major upgrade - Run build and tests
12. Keep lockfile updated - Commit lockfile changes
13. Document skipped packages - Record why packages were not upgraded
14. Time-box upgrades - Max time per major; if stuck, defer and document

---

Project Language Detection (MANDATORY - RUN FIRST)

This skill is for JavaScript/TypeScript (Node.js) projects only. Run this check before anything else.

node -e "
const fs=require('fs'),p=require('path'),cwd=process.cwd();
const checks=[
  ['package.json','javascript/typescript','This skill supports this project type'],
  ['go.mod','go','Use: go get -u ./... or go-mod-upgrade'],
  ['Cargo.toml','rust','Use: cargo update or cargo-upgrades'],
  ['requirements.txt','python','Use: pip-review --auto or pip-upgrader'],
  ['pyproject.toml','python','Use: poetry update or pdm update'],
  ['Pipfile','python','Use: pipenv update'],
  ['composer.json','php','Use: composer update'],
  ['Gemfile','ruby','Use: bundle update'],
  ['pubspec.yaml','dart','Use: dart pub upgrade'],
  ['pom.xml','java','Use: mvn versions:use-latest-releases'],
  ['build.gradle','java','Use: gradle dependencyUpdates'],
  ['*.csproj','dotnet','Use: dotnet outdated or nukeeper'],
  ['Package.swift','swift','Use: swift package update'],
  ['mix.exs','elixir','Use: mix deps.update --all'],
];
const found=checks.filter(([f])=>f.includes('*')?require('fs').readdirSync(cwd).some(x=>x.endsWith(f.slice(1))):fs.existsSync(p.join(cwd,f)));
if(found.length===0){console.error('ERROR: No recognized project files found');process.exit(1)}
const js=found.find(([_,l])=>l==='javascript/typescript');
if(js){console.log('OK: JavaScript/TypeScript project detected (package.json found)');process.exit(0)}
const other=found[0];
console.error('ERROR: This skill is for JavaScript/TypeScript (Node.js) projects only.');
console.error('Detected: '+other[0]+' ('+other[1]+' project)');
console.error('Suggestion: '+other[2]);
process.exit(2);
"

Supported vs Unsupported Projects

File	Language	Supported	Alternative Command
package.json	JavaScript/TypeScript	✅ Yes	This skill
go.mod	Go	❌ No	go get -u ./...
Cargo.toml	Rust	❌ No	cargo update
requirements.txt	Python	❌ No	pip-review --auto
pyproject.toml	Python (Poetry/PDM)	❌ No	poetry update / pdm update
composer.json	PHP	❌ No	composer update
Gemfile	Ruby	❌ No	bundle update
pom.xml	Java (Maven)	❌ No	mvn versions:use-latest-releases
build.gradle	Java (Gradle)	❌ No	gradle dependencyUpdates
pubspec.yaml	Dart/Flutter	❌ No	dart pub upgrade
*.csproj	.NET	❌ No	dotnet outdated
Package.swift	Swift	❌ No	swift package update
mix.exs	Elixir	❌ No	mix deps.update --all

Exit Codes

Code	Meaning
0	JavaScript/TypeScript project - proceed with skill
1	No recognized project files found
2	Non-JavaScript/TypeScript project detected - use alternative

IMPORTANT: If exit code is not 0, STOP and inform the user. Do not proceed with the rest of this skill.

---

PM Command Reference

Use {PM} = detected package manager. Use {PMX} = npx | pnpm dlx | yarn dlx.

Purpose	npm	pnpm	yarn v1	yarn Berry
Install	npm install	pnpm install	yarn	yarn
Add pkg	npm install {pkg}	pnpm add {pkg}	yarn add {pkg}	yarn add {pkg}
Add dev	npm install -D {pkg}	pnpm add -D {pkg}	yarn add -D {pkg}	yarn add -D {pkg}
Outdated	npm outdated	pnpm outdated	yarn outdated	yarn upgrade-interactive
Why installed	npm explain {pkg}	pnpm why {pkg}	yarn why {pkg}	yarn why {pkg}
Audit	npm audit	pnpm audit	yarn audit	yarn npm audit
Run ncu	npx npm-check-updates	pnpm dlx npm-check-updates	yarn dlx npm-check-updates	yarn dlx npm-check-updates
Frozen install	npm ci	pnpm install --frozen-lockfile	yarn --frozen-lockfile	yarn --immutable
Workspaces	npm -ws	pnpm -r	yarn workspaces	yarn workspaces foreach

---

Git Safety Gate (MANDATORY)

# One-command gate: checks + creates branch
node -e "const {execSync}=require('child_process');const run=(c)=>execSync(c,{stdio:['ignore','pipe','pipe']}).toString().trim();try{run('git --version')}catch(e){console.error('ERROR: git not installed');process.exit(10)}try{if(run('git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree')!=='true')throw 0}catch(e){console.error('ERROR: not a git repo');process.exit(11)}try{if(run('git status --porcelain')){console.error('ERROR: working tree not clean');process.exit(12)}}catch(e){process.exit(13)}const d=new Date();const pad=n=>String(n).padStart(2,'0');const name='chore/upgrade-packages-'+d.getFullYear()+pad(d.getMonth()+1)+pad(d.getDate())+'-'+pad(d.getHours())+pad(d.getMinutes());try{run('git checkout -b '+name);console.log('OK: created branch '+name)}catch(e){process.exit(14)}"

Rules:

• Never run install/upgrade unless branch created
• Commit package.json + lockfile on this branch

---

Package Manager Detection (MANDATORY)

node -e "const fs=require('fs'),p=require('path');const cwd=process.cwd();let pm='';try{pm=JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(p.join(cwd,'package.json'),'utf8')).packageManager||''}catch{}const locks=[['pnpm','pnpm-lock.yaml'],['yarn','yarn.lock'],['npm','package-lock.json']].filter(([_,f])=>fs.existsSync(p.join(cwd,f)));if(pm){console.log(pm);process.exit(0);}if(locks.length===1){console.log(locks[0][0]);process.exit(0);}if(locks.length>1){console.error('ERROR: multiple lockfiles');process.exit(2);}console.error('ERROR: unable to detect PM');process.exit(1);"

Priority: package.json.packageManager > single lockfile > STOP

Yarn v1 vs Berry: Check yarn --version (1.x = Classic, 2+ = Berry)

---

Pre-Upgrade Checks

Monorepo Detection

node -e "const pkg=require('./package.json');console.log(pkg.workspaces?'MONOREPO: '+JSON.stringify(pkg.workspaces):'SINGLE_PACKAGE')"

Lock File Integrity

# npm: npm ci --dry-run | pnpm: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile --dry-run | yarn: yarn --frozen-lockfile --check-files

Node.js Compatibility

node -e "const pkg=require('./package.json');console.log('Engines:',pkg.engines?.node||'any','Current:',process.version)"
npm view {package}@latest engines

ESM/CJS Compatibility

node -e "const pkg=require('./package.json');console.log('Type:',pkg.type||'commonjs')"
npm view {package} type exports

Project	Package	Compatible	Notes
commonjs	module	Maybe	Need dynamic import() or bundler
module	commonjs	Yes	Node handles interop

Stale Package Detection

npm view {package} time.modified

Flag packages >2 years since last publish.

License Check

npm view {package} license
npx license-checker --summary

---

Dependency Analysis

# View tree
{PM} ls --depth=0

# Why installed
{PM} explain {pkg}  # npm
{PM} why {pkg}      # pnpm/yarn

# Peer deps
npm view {pkg} peerDependencies

---

Dependency Overrides

PM	Location	Example
npm	overrides	"overrides": {"glob": "^10.0.0"}
pnpm	pnpm.overrides	"pnpm": {"overrides": {"glob": "^10.0.0"}}
yarn	resolutions	"resolutions": {"glob": "^10.0.0"}

---

Breaking Change Evidence Check (MANDATORY FOR MAJOR)

Step 1: Get metadata

npm view {pkg} repository homepage --json

Step 2: Check sources

• GitHub Releases: {repo}/releases
• CHANGELOG: {repo}/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md
• Migration: {repo}/blob/main/UPGRADING.md or MIGRATION.md

Step 3: Keywords to scan

BREAKING, Removed, Renamed, Deprecated, Migration, Codemod, engines, peerDependencies

Step 4: Required output

Package: {name} | From: {current} To: {target}
Evidence: Releases: {link} | Changelog: {link} | Migration: {link} | Codemod: {cmd}
Breaking changes: {...}
Required actions: {...}
Peer constraints: {...}
Node.js requirement: {...}

If no evidence found: Proceed to Automatic Web Search (next section).

---

Automatic Web Search for Migration Guides (MANDATORY IF NO DOCS FOUND)

When GitHub Releases, CHANGELOG, or MIGRATION docs are not found or insufficient, automatically search the web for migration guides before asking the user.

Search Queries (Execute in Order)

For a package {pkg} upgrading from {from} to {to}:

1. Official migration guide:

   "{pkg}" migration guide {from} to {to}
   "{pkg}" upgrade guide v{majorFrom} to v{majorTo}
   

2. Breaking changes:

   "{pkg}" {to} breaking changes
   "{pkg}" v{majorTo} changelog breaking
   

3. Codemods:

   "{pkg}" codemod {majorTo}
   "{pkg}" migration codemod
   

4. Community guides:

   "{pkg}" upgrade tutorial {majorTo}
   "{pkg}" migration blog post
   

Trusted Sources Priority

Prioritize results from these domains:

Priority	Source	Examples
1	Official docs	{pkg}.dev, {pkg}.io, {pkg}js.org
2	GitHub	github.com/{org}/{pkg} (releases, discussions, wiki)
3	Dev blogs	dev.to, medium.com, hashnode.dev
4	Stack Overflow	stackoverflow.com (tagged answers)
5	Package news	npmjs.com, socket.dev

Search Result Evaluation

Extract and verify:

• Breaking changes list - API removals, renames, behavior changes
• Migration steps - Ordered steps from the guide
• Codemod availability - Auto-fix tools (npx {pkg}-codemod, etc.)
• Minimum requirements - Node.js version, peer dependencies
• Known issues - Common problems and workarounds

Decision After Web Search

Search Result	Action
Official migration guide found	Follow the guide, proceed with upgrade
Community guide found (verified)	Use as reference, proceed cautiously
Breaking changes documented	Apply changes, test thoroughly
Only partial info found	Combine sources, ask user to verify approach
No useful results	Stop - Ask user before proceeding

Example Web Search Flow

Package: recharts 2.x → 3.x
Step 1: Check GitHub releases → Found but sparse
Step 2: Search "recharts migration guide 2 to 3" → Found official guide
Step 3: Search "recharts 3 breaking changes" → Found API changes list
Step 4: Search "recharts codemod 3" → No codemod available
Result: Proceed with manual migration using official guide

Web Search Output Template

Package: {pkg} | From: {from} To: {to}
Search performed: Yes
Sources found:
  - Official: {url} (migration guide)
  - GitHub: {url} (release notes)
  - Community: {url} (tutorial)
Breaking changes identified:
  - {change 1}
  - {change 2}
Migration steps:
  1. {step 1}
  2. {step 2}
Codemod: {available/not available}
Confidence: {high/medium/low}
Recommendation: {proceed/ask user/skip}

If Web Search Fails

If no useful migration information is found after web search:

1. Log the search attempt - Document what was searched
2. Present options to user:
   • Proceed anyway (high risk, manual testing required)
   • Skip this package (add to Skipped Packages)
   • User provides migration link
3. Never silently upgrade - Always get explicit confirmation for undocumented majors

---

Upgrade Workflow

Order

1. Dev dependencies (lower risk)
2. Patch upgrades
3. Minor upgrades
4. Major upgrades (one at a time, with migrations)
5. Framework upgrades (Next/React) last

For each major upgrade:

1. Locate migration docs
2. Check Node/ESM/license compatibility
3. Run codemods if available
4. Implement manual changes
5. Cleanup dead code (npx ts-prune, eslint --fix)
6. Add/update tests
7. Verify: {PM} install && npx tsc --noEmit && npm run lint && npm test && npm run build
8. Commit: git commit -m "chore(deps): upgrade {pkg} {from}→{to}"

Time limits

Type	Max	If exceeded
Patch	5min	Investigate
Minor	15min	Check for hidden breaks
Major	30min-1hr	Document, defer

---

Common Dependency Groups

Group	Packages	Why
React	react, react-dom, @types/react*	Must align
Next.js	next, eslint-config-next	Paired releases
Prisma	prisma, @prisma/client	Must match exactly
TypeScript	typescript, @types/node	Compatibility
Tailwind	tailwindcss, postcss, autoprefixer	Paired releases

---

Framework Upgrades

Next.js

{PM_ADD} next@latest react@latest react-dom@latest
npx @next/codemod@latest {codemod-name}

Prisma

{PM_ADD} prisma@latest @prisma/client@latest
npx prisma generate && npx prisma validate

TypeScript

{PM_ADD} -D typescript@latest
npx tsc --noEmit

---

Troubleshooting

Issue	Solution
Peer conflicts	npm view {pkg} peerDependencies, check tree
ESM errors	Use dynamic import() or add "type": "module"
Type errors	Update @types/{pkg}@latest
Cache issues	rm -rf .next node_modules/.cache
Deprecated pkg	npm view {pkg} deprecated, find alternative

Rollback

git checkout package.json {lockfile}
{PM} install

---

Pre-commit Hook Bypass (upgrade commits only)

HUSKY=0 git commit -m "chore(deps): upgrade packages"
# or: git commit --no-verify -m "..."

---

Private Registry

Check .npmrc before upgrading. Verify auth:

npm whoami --registry={registry-url}

---

Skipped Packages Template

| Package | Current | Latest | Reason | Revisit |
|---------|---------|--------|--------|---------|
| old-lib | 2.0.0 | 3.0.0 | Needs React 19 | After React upgrade |

---

Upgrade Report Template

# Package Upgrade Report
**Date:** {date} | **PM:** {npm|pnpm|yarn} | **Branch:** {branch}

## Summary
- Upgraded: {count} | Major: {count} | Minor: {count} | Patch: {count} | Skipped: {count}

## Upgrades
| Package | From | To | Breaking | Migration |
|---------|------|----|---------:|-----------|

## Breaking Changes
### {pkg} {from}→{to}
- Docs: {link}
- Codemods: {cmd}
- Manual changes: {...}
- Tests added: {...}

## Verification
- [ ] Type check | [ ] Lint | [ ] Tests | [ ] Build

## Skipped
| Package | Reason |

## Rollback
`git checkout main -- package.json {lockfile} && {PM} install`

---

Automated PR Creation

git push -u origin $(git branch --show-current)
gh pr create --title "chore(deps): upgrade packages $(date +%Y-%m-%d)" --body "## Package Upgrade\nSee upgrade report for details."

---

Semver Notes

• Pre-1.0.0: Treat minors as potential breaking changes
• @types/*: Often break in patches; pin exact or test carefully
• Prereleases (alpha/beta/rc/canary): Never in production deps, only devDependencies with explicit justification

---

Decision Matrix

Situation	Action
No errors	Continue
Minor type errors	Fix and continue
Major API changes	Follow migration + codemods + tests
No docs found	Web search first, then ask user if nothing found
Tests fail	Fix or revert
Time exceeded	Document, defer, create issue
ESM/CJS incompatible	Check bundler or find alternative
Node incompatible	Defer or find alternative

---

Detecting Major Version Blockers

Before upgrading any major version, run these checks to detect potential blockers.

Step 1: Check Your Project Module Type

node -e "const pkg=require('./package.json'); console.log('Project type:', pkg.type || 'commonjs')"

Result	Meaning
commonjs	Default Node.js, may have issues with ESM-only packages
module	ESM project, compatible with all modern packages

Step 2: Check if Target Package is ESM-Only

# Check the target version's module type
npm view {package}@{version} type

# Returns "module" = ESM-only
# Returns nothing/undefined = CommonJS compatible

Step 3: ESM/CJS Compatibility Decision

Your Project	Package Type	Compatible?	Action
commonjs	module (ESM-only)	❌ No	Skip, find alternative, or migrate project to ESM
commonjs	(empty/commonjs)	✅ Yes	Safe to upgrade
module	module (ESM-only)	✅ Yes	Safe to upgrade
module	(empty/commonjs)	✅ Yes	Safe to upgrade

Step 4: Check Node.js Engine Compatibility

# Check required Node.js version
npm view {package}@{version} engines

# Compare with your project's Node version
node --version

If package requires newer Node.js than your project supports, skip or upgrade Node.js first.

Step 5: Check for Deprecation

# Check if package is deprecated
npm view {package} deprecated

# If deprecated, find alternative
npm search {alternative-keywords}

Step 6: Check Peer Dependencies

# View peer dependency requirements
npm view {package}@{version} peerDependencies

# Ensure your installed versions satisfy requirements

Quick Pre-Upgrade Script

Run this before any major upgrade:

# Replace {pkg} and {ver} with actual values
node -e "
const pkg='{pkg}', ver='{ver}';
const {execSync}=require('child_process');
const run=c=>{try{return execSync(c,{encoding:'utf8'}).trim()}catch{return''}};
const projType=require('./package.json').type||'commonjs';
const pkgType=run('npm view '+pkg+'@'+ver+' type');
const engines=run('npm view '+pkg+'@'+ver+' engines');
const deprecated=run('npm view '+pkg+' deprecated');
console.log('Package:', pkg+'@'+ver);
console.log('Project type:', projType);
console.log('Package type:', pkgType||'commonjs');
console.log('Engines:', engines||'any');
console.log('Deprecated:', deprecated||'no');
console.log('---');
if(projType==='commonjs'&&pkgType==='module'){
  console.log('⚠️  BLOCKER: ESM-only package in CommonJS project');
  console.log('Options: 1) Skip upgrade  2) Find alternative  3) Migrate project to ESM');
}else if(deprecated){
  console.log('⚠️  BLOCKER: Package is deprecated');
}else{
  console.log('✅ No blockers detected - verify build after upgrade');
}
"

CommonJS Project with ESM-Only Package: Options

If you encounter an ESM-only package in a CommonJS project:

1. Skip upgrade - Stay on last CommonJS-compatible version
2. Find alternative - Search for CJS-compatible package with similar functionality
3. Use dynamic import - const pkg = await import('{package}') (async only)
4. Use bundler - Webpack/Vite can sometimes handle ESM in CJS projects
5. Migrate to ESM - Add "type": "module" to package.json (major change)