---

name: workflow-development description: "[BETA] Implement custom AEM Workflow Java components on AEM as a Cloud Service. This skill is in beta. Verify all outputs before applying them to production projects. Use when writing WorkflowProcess steps, ParticipantStepChooser implementations, registering services via OSGi DS R6 annotations, reading step arguments from MetaDataMap, accessing JCR payload via WorkflowSession adapter, reading and writing workflow metadata and variables, and handling errors with WorkflowException for retry behavior." license: Apache-2.0 metadata: status: beta

Workflow Development (Cloud Service)

Beta Skill: This skill is in beta and under active development. Results should be reviewed carefully before use in production. Report issues at https://github.com/adobe/skills/issues

Implement custom workflow components for AEM Cloud Service: WorkflowProcess, ParticipantStepChooser, OSGi registration, metadata handling, and error patterns.

Variant Scope

• AEM Cloud Service only.
• Use OSGi DS R6 annotations (org.osgi.service.component.annotations.*). Do not use Felix SCR.
• Bundle goes into the ui.apps content package and is deployed via Cloud Manager pipeline.

Workflow

Development Progress
- [ ] 1) Identify what the step does: process (auto) or participant (human) or dynamic participant
- [ ] 2) Create Java class implementing WorkflowProcess or ParticipantStepChooser
- [ ] 3) Register with correct @Component annotation and service property (process.label / chooser.label)
- [ ] 4) Read step arguments from MetaDataMap args (set in model editor)
- [ ] 5) Access payload via item.getWorkflowData().getPayload().toString()
- [ ] 6) Read/write workflow instance metadata via item.getWorkflowData().getMetaDataMap()
- [ ] 7) Return normally to advance; throw WorkflowException to trigger retry
- [ ] 8) Deploy bundle; verify process.label appears in Workflow Model Editor step picker

WorkflowProcess Template (Cloud Service)

@Component(
    service = WorkflowProcess.class,
    property = {
        "process.label=My Custom Process Step",
        "service.description=Short description of what this step does"
    }
)
public class MyCustomProcess implements WorkflowProcess {

    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyCustomProcess.class);

    @Reference
    private ResourceResolverFactory resolverFactory;

    @Override
    public void execute(WorkItem item, WorkflowSession session, MetaDataMap args)
            throws WorkflowException {
        // 1. Read payload
        WorkflowData data = item.getWorkflowData();
        String payloadPath = data.getPayload().toString();

        // 2. Read step arguments
        String recipient = args.get("recipient", "workflow-administrators");
        boolean createVersion = args.get("createVersion", false);

        // 3. Read/write shared workflow metadata
        MetaDataMap metadata = data.getMetaDataMap();
        String status = metadata.get("approvalStatus", "PENDING");
        metadata.put("processedBy", "my-custom-step");

        // 4. Access JCR if needed
        try {
            ResourceResolver resolver = session.adaptTo(ResourceResolver.class);
            Resource resource = resolver.getResource(payloadPath);
            // ... do work ...
        } catch (Exception e) {
            LOG.error("Error in MyCustomProcess for payload {}", payloadPath, e);
            throw new WorkflowException("Failed: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
        // Return normally = step completes, workflow advances
    }
}

ParticipantStepChooser Template

@Component(
    service = ParticipantStepChooser.class,
    property = {"chooser.label=Content Owner Chooser"}
)
public class ContentOwnerChooser implements ParticipantStepChooser {

    @Override
    public String getParticipant(WorkItem workItem, WorkflowSession session,
                                 MetaDataMap args) throws WorkflowException {
        String payloadPath = workItem.getWorkflowData().getPayload().toString();
        try {
            Session jcrSession = session.adaptTo(Session.class);
            Node content = jcrSession.getNode(payloadPath + "/jcr:content");
            if (content.hasProperty("cq:lastModifiedBy")) {
                return content.getProperty("cq:lastModifiedBy").getString();
            }
        } catch (RepositoryException e) {
            throw new WorkflowException("Cannot resolve participant", e);
        }
        return args.get("fallbackParticipant", "content-authors");
    }
}

Guardrails

• Never use ResourceResolverFactory.loginAdministrative(). Always use a service user sub-service.
• Do not call Session.save() on the workflow session's JCR session for payload changes — use a separate ResourceResolver obtained from resolverFactory.getServiceResourceResolver().
• If a step must hold (not auto-advance), set PROCESS_AUTO_ADVANCE=false in the model metaData and use TaskWorkflowProcess or an external completion mechanism.

References

• process-step-patterns.md — WorkflowProcess patterns: payload access, metadata, error handling
• participant-step-patterns.md — ParticipantStepChooser patterns and completing participant steps
• variables-and-metadata.md — MetaDataMap, workflow variables, inter-step data
• api-reference.md
• cloud-service-guardrails.md